María Lionza - Revision history

Occultwiki at 16:47, 15 November 2024

2024-11-15T16:47:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:47, 15 November 2024
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	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]
	'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diaspora religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].		'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The [[cult]] of María Lionza, like many other [[African diaspora religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].

	She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.		She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.
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	Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.		Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.

	Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.		Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the [[cult]]. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.

	The rituals themselves bear much in common with traditional Haitian [[Voodoo]], although the two religions are not connected. They both involve drinking alcohol, smoking, and trances caused by rhythmic drumming.		The rituals themselves bear much in common with traditional Haitian [[Voodoo]], although the two religions are not connected. They both involve drinking alcohol, smoking, and trances caused by rhythmic drumming.

Occultwiki at 06:42, 14 November 2024

2024-11-14T06:42:32Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:42, 14 November 2024
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	Members from all Venezuelan social classes participate in the rituals. In local reports, the rituals have been considered to be linked with the late president of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, yet there is little to no evidence. Chávez himself said he did not take part in it, and some followers of María Lionza have said to support him while others dislike Chávez. Some analysts argue that the decline of political power of the [[Christianity\|Catholic Church]] during Chávez, along with the crisis in Venezuela, may have led many Venezuelans to seek for help and join the cult. The hyperinflation in Venezuela that started in 2016 has affected the rituals as many are unable to access the materials necessary to carry out the ceremonies.		Members from all Venezuelan social classes participate in the rituals. In local reports, the rituals have been considered to be linked with the late president of Venezuela Hugo Chávez, yet there is little to no evidence. Chávez himself said he did not take part in it, and some followers of María Lionza have said to support him while others dislike Chávez. Some analysts argue that the decline of political power of the [[Christianity\|Catholic Church]] during Chávez, along with the crisis in Venezuela, may have led many Venezuelans to seek for help and join the cult. The hyperinflation in Venezuela that started in 2016 has affected the rituals as many are unable to access the materials necessary to carry out the ceremonies.

	==Traditions and ~~spiritism~~==		==Traditions and [[Spiritualism\|Spiritism]]==
	Her followers call themselves ''Marialionceros'' and refer María Lionza as the "Queen" (Spanish: ''La Reina''). People go to Sorte mountain seeking for strength, healing and to contact the souls of dead people. During the pilgrimage, the principal ~~shamans~~ and priests of María Lionza come together to pay homage. Many followers wear indigenous costumes and perform a traditional fire walking dance called the "dance of hot coals" (Spanish: ''baile de las brasas'').		Her followers call themselves ''Marialionceros'' and refer María Lionza as the "Queen" (Spanish: ''La Reina''). People go to Sorte mountain seeking for strength, healing and to contact the souls of dead people. During the pilgrimage, the principal [[shaman]]s and priests of María Lionza come together to pay homage. Many followers wear indigenous costumes and perform a traditional fire walking dance called the "dance of hot coals" (Spanish: ''baile de las brasas'').

	Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.		Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.

Occultwiki: /* Cult */

2024-10-17T00:17:16Z

Cult

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:17, 17 October 2024
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	==Cult==		==Cult==
	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]
	The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and [[African ~~diasporic religions~~\|African beliefs]].		The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and [[African diaspora religion\|African beliefs]].

	Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.		Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.

Occultwiki at 00:17, 17 October 2024

2024-10-17T00:17:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:17, 17 October 2024
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	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]
	'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African ~~diasporia~~ religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].		'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diaspora religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].

	She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.		She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.

Occultwiki at 00:16, 17 October 2024

2024-10-17T00:16:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 17 October 2024
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	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]
	'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African ~~diasporic~~ religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].		'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diasporia religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].

	She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.		She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.

Occultwiki at 00:16, 17 October 2024

2024-10-17T00:16:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:16, 17 October 2024
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	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]
	'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diasporic ~~religions~~]], is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].		'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diasporic religion]]s, is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].

	She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.		She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.

Occultwiki: /* Traditions and spiritism */

2024-10-16T05:50:02Z

Traditions and spiritism

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:50, 16 October 2024
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	Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.		Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.

	The lower spirits, usually referred as brothers by the pilgrims, are arranged into 'courts', divided by identity: Indigenous, African, Viking, Liberator. The spirits include farmers, modern criminals and famous historical figures, like Venezuela 19th century liberator Simón Bolívar. Many followers cleanse themselves in the muddy rivers to receive the spirits. [[Shaman]]s take the role of mediums between the pilgrims and the spirits, and usually demand their followers to enter into a trance state which often leads them to speak in tongues or harming themselves. The shamans and the Marialionceros employ blessings, cursing, drum playing, cigar smoking, tobacco chewing, and local liquors during the yearly rituals. Various sources have reported sightings of [[shaman]]s, sometimes wearing horned helmets, claiming to have contacted the legendary Viking Eric the Red, the first Norse explorer to discover Greenland.		The lower spirits, usually referred as brothers by the pilgrims, are arranged into 'courts', divided by identity: Indigenous, African, Viking, Liberator. The spirits include farmers, modern criminals and famous historical figures, like Venezuela 19th century liberator Simón Bolívar. Many followers cleanse themselves in the muddy rivers to receive the spirits.

	Many members from other religions native to Latin America and Venezuela are present, primarily Santeros (a syncretism between African Yoruba beliefs and Catholicism, known for sacrificing animals to pay homage to Orishas) and Paleros (a syncretic Afro-Cuban religion centered on communicating with the dead).		[[Shaman]]s take the role of mediums between the pilgrims and the spirits, and usually demand their followers to enter into a trance state which often leads them to speak in tongues or harming themselves. The shamans and the Marialionceros employ blessings, cursing, drum playing, cigar smoking, [[recreational drug\|tobacco chewing]], and local liquors during the yearly rituals. Various sources have reported sightings of [[shaman]]s, sometimes wearing horned helmets, claiming to have contacted the legendary Viking Eric the Red, the first Norse explorer to discover Greenland.

			Many members from other religions native to Latin America and Venezuela are present, primarily Santeros (a syncretism between [[African diaspora religion\|African Yoruba beliefs]] and [[Christianity\|Catholicism]], known for sacrificing animals to pay homage to Orishas) and Paleros (a syncretic Afro-Cuban religion centered on communicating with the dead).

	==''El Tarot de Maria Lionza''==		==''El Tarot de Maria Lionza''==

Occultwiki at 05:47, 16 October 2024

2024-10-16T05:47:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:47, 16 October 2024
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	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Tarot.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|Maria Lionza depicted as [[The Empress]] in ''El Tarot de Maria Lionza'']]
	'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza is a blend of African, indigenous and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]]. She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor. The Cerro María Lionza Natural Monument (also known as Sorte mountain), where an important pilgrimage takes place every year on October 12th, was named after her.		'''María Lionza''' is a folk [[saint]] and the central figure in the most widespread new religious movement in Venezuela. The cult of María Lionza, like many other [[African diasporic religions]], is a blend of African, indigenous, and [[Christianity\|Catholic beliefs]].

			She is revered as a goddess of nature, love, peace and harmony. She has followers throughout Venezuelan society, from small rural villages to Caracas, where a monumental statue stands in her honor.

			The Cerro María Lionza Natural Monument (also known as Sorte mountain), where an important pilgrimage takes place every year on October 12th, was named after her.

	==Legend==		==Legend==
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	==Cult==		==Cult==
	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]
	The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and African beliefs. Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.		The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and [[African diasporic religions\|African beliefs]].

			Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.

	Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.		Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.
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	[[Category:Deities]]		[[Category:Deities]]
	[[Category:Featured Articles]]		[[Category:Featured Articles]]
			[[Category:African diasporic religions]]

Occultwiki at 13:35, 11 October 2024

2024-10-11T13:35:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:35, 11 October 2024
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	==Cult==		==Cult==
	[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]		[[File:Maria-Lionza-Ritual.png\|400px\|thumb\|Ritual being undertaken by followers of Maria Lionza]]
	The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and African beliefs. Traditions of trance communication (seeking to channel the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.		The rites of María Lionza take place in the Sorte mountain, near the town of Chivacoa in Yaracuy state, Venezuela. The origins of the cult are uncertain, it is a syncretism of Indigenous, Catholic and African beliefs. Traditions of trance communication (seeking to [[channeling\|channel]] the soul of dead people in a living body) may have started about 19th and 20th century in Latin America, popularized by the teachings of the 19th century Frenchman Allan Kardec. Angelina Pollok-Eltz from Andrés Bello Catholic University in Venezuela, who has worked on the subject, says that the rituals in Sorte started in the early 1920s and were brought to urban areas a decade later.

	Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.		Maria Lionza followers travel to the mountain for a week each October 12 during the national Day of Indigenous Resistance. In 2011, estimates indicated that about 10% to 30% Venezuelan were followers of the cult. At the time, Venezuelan authorities indicated that about 200 thousands followers participated in the traditions, including foreigners coming from the Americas and Europe. In 2011, Wade Glenn, an anthropologist from Tulane University in the United States, estimated that about 60% of Venezuelan population may have participated in the cult of María Lionza at some point. Glenn argues that the conversational aspect of the rituals may have therapeutical effects.

Occultwiki at 04:51, 3 March 2024

2024-03-03T04:51:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:51, 3 March 2024
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	==Traditions and spiritism==		==Traditions and spiritism==
	~~The~~ followers call themselves ''Marialionceros'' and refer María Lionza as the "Queen" (Spanish: ''La Reina''). People go to Sorte mountain seeking for strength, healing and to contact the souls of dead people. During the pilgrimage, the principal shamans and priests of María Lionza come together to pay homage. Many followers wear indigenous costumes and perform a traditional fire walking dance called the "dance of hot coals" (Spanish: ''baile de las brasas'').		Her followers call themselves ''Marialionceros'' and refer María Lionza as the "Queen" (Spanish: ''La Reina''). People go to Sorte mountain seeking for strength, healing and to contact the souls of dead people. During the pilgrimage, the principal shamans and priests of María Lionza come together to pay homage. Many followers wear indigenous costumes and perform a traditional fire walking dance called the "dance of hot coals" (Spanish: ''baile de las brasas'').

	Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.		Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence.