Tarot of Marseilles - Revision history

Occultwiki at 08:28, 18 December 2024

2024-12-18T08:28:28Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 18 December 2024
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	==Later history==		==Later history==
			[[File:The Sun Marseilles.jpg\|300px\|thumb\|[[The Sun]] card from the Tarot of Marseilles]]
	All cards were originally printed from woodcuts; the cards were later coloured either by hand or by the use of stencils. Tarot was recorded as being very popular card game throughout France during the 16th and early 17th century but later fell into obscurity with the exception of eastern France and Switzerland. Very few Marseilles pattern cards from the 17th century have survived, chiefly among them are Noblet's. In contrast, dozens of decks from the 18th century have made it to the present. From eastern France and Switzerland, the game spread north to Sweden and east to Russia starting from the middle of the 18th century, making it one of the most popular card games of that era until being overtaken by Whist in the 19th century.		All cards were originally printed from woodcuts; the cards were later coloured either by hand or by the use of stencils. Tarot was recorded as being very popular card game throughout France during the 16th and early 17th century but later fell into obscurity with the exception of eastern France and Switzerland. Very few Marseilles pattern cards from the 17th century have survived, chiefly among them are Noblet's. In contrast, dozens of decks from the 18th century have made it to the present. From eastern France and Switzerland, the game spread north to Sweden and east to Russia starting from the middle of the 18th century, making it one of the most popular card games of that era until being overtaken by Whist in the 19th century.

Occultwiki at 07:38, 13 November 2024

2024-11-13T07:38:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:38, 13 November 2024
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	[[Category:Tarot Cards]]		[[Category:Tarot Cards]]
	[[Category:Tarot Decks]]		[[Category:Tarot Decks]]
	~~[[Category:Featured Articles]]~~

Occultwiki: /* Other patterns */

2023-03-23T20:54:15Z

Other patterns

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:54, 23 March 2023
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	In the early eighteenth century the Marseilles Tarot was introduced in Northern Italy starting from the Kingdom of Sardinia, which also included the Savoy (now in France) and Piedmont, where the card manufacturing industry collapsed following a severe economic depression. The Piedmontese players did not have difficulties to accept the Marseilles Tarot, because the images were similar and even the French language captioning was widespread in many areas of Piedmont.		In the early eighteenth century the Marseilles Tarot was introduced in Northern Italy starting from the Kingdom of Sardinia, which also included the Savoy (now in France) and Piedmont, where the card manufacturing industry collapsed following a severe economic depression. The Piedmontese players did not have difficulties to accept the Marseilles Tarot, because the images were similar and even the French language captioning was widespread in many areas of Piedmont.

	Around 1820 some manufacturers active in Turin, capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, began to produce tarot decks in Marseille's pattern, but after few years they introduced captions in Italian and small variations in certain figures. For example, the Fool was not chased by a wild animal but had a butterfly in front of him. In a few decades, variation after variation, was consolidated the iconography of the Piedmontese Tarot, which therefore must be considered as a derivation of the Tarot of Marseilles.~~[14]~~ It is currently the most widely used tarot deck in Italy.		Around 1820 some manufacturers active in Turin, capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, began to produce tarot decks in Marseille's pattern, but after few years they introduced captions in Italian and small variations in certain figures. For example, the Fool was not chased by a wild animal but had a butterfly in front of him. In a few decades, variation after variation, was consolidated the iconography of the Piedmontese Tarot, which therefore must be considered as a derivation of the Tarot of Marseilles. It is currently the most widely used tarot deck in Italy.

	Around 1835, Carlo Della Rocca of Milan engraved an elaborate interpretation of the Marseilles pattern. It became popular throughout Lombardy for the duration of the 19th century. It spread to Piedmont where a double-ended version was adapted to local tastes and was popular until the 1950s.		Around 1835, Carlo Della Rocca of Milan engraved an elaborate interpretation of the Marseilles pattern. It became popular throughout Lombardy for the duration of the 19th century. It spread to Piedmont where a double-ended version was adapted to local tastes and was popular until the 1950s.

Occultwiki at 18:47, 10 November 2022

2022-11-10T18:47:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:47, 10 November 2022
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	==Origins==		==Origins==
	The tarot deck was probably invented in northern Italy in the 15th century and introduced into southern France when the French conquered Milan and the Piedmont in 1499. The antecedents of the Tarot de Marseille would then have been introduced into southern France at around that time. The 78-card version of the game of Tarot died out in Italy but survived in France and Switzerland.		The tarot deck was probably invented in northern Italy in the 15th century and introduced into southern France when the French conquered Milan and the Piedmont in 1499. Some scholars believe [[The Cary Sheet]] is a direct ancestor of the Tarot of Marseilles. The antecedents of the Tarot de Marseille would then have been introduced into southern France at around that time. The 78-card version of the game of Tarot died out in Italy but survived in France and Switzerland.

	When the game was reintroduced into northern Italy, the Marseilles designs of the cards were reintroduced with it. All Italian-suited tarot decks outside of Italy are descended from the Milan–Marseilles type with the exception of some early French and Belgian packs which show mixed influence from Bolognese tarot. The earliest surviving cards of the Marseilles pattern were produced by Jean Noblet of Paris around 1650.		When the game was reintroduced into northern Italy, the Marseilles designs of the cards were reintroduced with it. All Italian-suited tarot decks outside of Italy are descended from the Milan–Marseilles type with the exception of some early French and Belgian packs which show mixed influence from Bolognese tarot. The earliest surviving cards of the Marseilles pattern were produced by Jean Noblet of Paris around 1650.

Occultwiki: /* Later history */

2022-10-25T01:25:57Z

Later history

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:25, 25 October 2022
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	In 1997 Alejandro Jodorowsky and Phillipe Camoin completed their reconstructed version of the Tarot of Marseille. Since then Jodorowky, in collaboration with Marianne Costa, published a Tarot book based around this reconstructed version of the Marseille deck.		In 1997 Alejandro Jodorowsky and Phillipe Camoin completed their reconstructed version of the Tarot of Marseille. Since then Jodorowky, in collaboration with Marianne Costa, published a Tarot book based around this reconstructed version of the Marseille deck.

			Updated versions of the deck have been published by [[U.S. Games Systems]].

Occultwiki at 10:32, 16 March 2022

2022-03-16T10:32:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:32, 16 March 2022
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	All cards were originally printed from woodcuts; the cards were later coloured either by hand or by the use of stencils. Tarot was recorded as being very popular card game throughout France during the 16th and early 17th century but later fell into obscurity with the exception of eastern France and Switzerland. Very few Marseilles pattern cards from the 17th century have survived, chiefly among them are Noblet's. In contrast, dozens of decks from the 18th century have made it to the present. From eastern France and Switzerland, the game spread north to Sweden and east to Russia starting from the middle of the 18th century, making it one of the most popular card games of that era until being overtaken by Whist in the 19th century.		All cards were originally printed from woodcuts; the cards were later coloured either by hand or by the use of stencils. Tarot was recorded as being very popular card game throughout France during the 16th and early 17th century but later fell into obscurity with the exception of eastern France and Switzerland. Very few Marseilles pattern cards from the 17th century have survived, chiefly among them are Noblet's. In contrast, dozens of decks from the 18th century have made it to the present. From eastern France and Switzerland, the game spread north to Sweden and east to Russia starting from the middle of the 18th century, making it one of the most popular card games of that era until being overtaken by Whist in the 19th century.

	One well-known artisan producing tarot cards in the Marseilles pattern was Nicolas Conver (circa 1760). It was the Conver deck, or a deck very similar to it, that came to the attention of [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] in the late 18th century. Court de Gébelin's writings, which contained much by way of speculation as to the supposed Egyptian origin of the cards and their symbols, called the attention of occultists to tarot decks. As such, Conver's deck became the model for most subsequent esoteric decks, starting with the deck designed by [[Etteilla]] forward. Cartomancy with the Tarot was definitely being practised throughout France by the end of the 18th century; Alexis-Vincent-Charles Berbiguier reported an encounter with two "sibyls" who divined with Tarot cards in the last decade of the century at Avignon.		One well-known artisan producing tarot cards in the Marseilles pattern was Nicolas Conver (circa 1760). It was the Conver deck, or a deck very similar to it, that came to the attention of [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] in the late 18th century. Court de Gébelin's writings, which contained much by way of speculation as to the supposed Egyptian origin of the cards and their symbols, called the attention of occultists to tarot decks. As such, Conver's deck became the model for most subsequent esoteric decks, starting with the deck designed by [[Etteilla]] forward. [[Cartomancy]] with the Tarot was definitely being practised throughout France by the end of the 18th century; Alexis-Vincent-Charles Berbiguier reported an encounter with two "sibyls" who divined with Tarot cards in the last decade of the century at Avignon.

	From the mid-18th to early 19th centuries, Marseilles and Besançon tarots were replaced by the French-suited animal tarots throughout most of Europe. These were then superseded by genre art tarots like the Industrie und Glück. French players ignored animal tarots but during the 20th century, they switched over to the genre art ''Tarot Nouveau''. French truck drivers were still using the Marseilles pattern for French tarot as late as the 1970s.		From the mid-18th to early 19th centuries, Marseilles and Besançon tarots were replaced by the French-suited animal tarots throughout most of Europe. These were then superseded by genre art tarots like the Industrie und Glück. French players ignored animal tarots but during the 20th century, they switched over to the genre art ''Tarot Nouveau''. French truck drivers were still using the Marseilles pattern for French tarot as late as the 1970s.

Occultwiki at 20:41, 30 October 2021

2021-10-30T20:41:48Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:41, 30 October 2021
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	[[Category:Tarot Cards]]		[[Category:Tarot Cards]]
			[[Category:Tarot Decks]]
	[[Category:Featured Articles]]		[[Category:Featured Articles]]

Occultwiki at 20:28, 30 October 2021

2021-10-30T20:28:45Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:28, 30 October 2021
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	[[Category:Tarot Cards]]		[[Category:Tarot Cards]]
			[[Category:Featured Articles]]

Occultwiki: Created page with "The [[Major Arcana of the Tarot of Marseilles]] The '''Tarot of Marseilles''' or '''''Tarot de Marseilles''''' is a standard patter..."

2021-10-30T19:56:56Z

Created page with "400px|thumb|The [[Major Arcana of the Tarot of Marseilles]] The '''Tarot of Marseilles''' or '''''Tarot de Marseilles''''' is a standard patter..."

New page

[[File:Tarot de Marseille.jpg|400px|thumb|The [[Major Arcana]] of the Tarot of Marseilles]]
The '''Tarot of Marseilles''' or '''''Tarot de Marseilles''''' is a standard pattern of Italian-suited [[Tarot]] pack with 78 cards that was very popular in France in the 17th and 18th centuries for playing tarot card games and is still produced today. It was probably created in Milan before spreading to much of France, Switzerland and Northern Italy. It is a pattern from which many subsequent tarot packs derive. The name is sometimes spelt Tarot of Marseille, but the name recommended by the International Playing-Card Society is ''Tarot de Marseille'', although it accepts the two English names as alternatives. It was the pack on which the [[occult]] use of tarot cards was originally based, although today bespoke cards are produced for this purpose.

==Origins==
The tarot deck was probably invented in northern Italy in the 15th century and introduced into southern France when the French conquered Milan and the Piedmont in 1499. The antecedents of the Tarot de Marseille would then have been introduced into southern France at around that time. The 78-card version of the game of Tarot died out in Italy but survived in France and Switzerland.

When the game was reintroduced into northern Italy, the Marseilles designs of the cards were reintroduced with it. All Italian-suited tarot decks outside of Italy are descended from the Milan–Marseilles type with the exception of some early French and Belgian packs which show mixed influence from Bolognese tarot. The earliest surviving cards of the Marseilles pattern were produced by Jean Noblet of Paris around 1650.

==Content==
[[File:Two of Pentacles.jpg|300px|thumb|[[Two of Pentacles]] from the Tarot of Marseilles]]
In the ''Tarot de Marseille'', as is standard among Italian suited playing cards, the pip cards in the suit of [[Swords (Tarot)|Swords]] are drawn as abstract symbols in curved lines, forming a shape reminiscent of a mandorla. On the even numbered cards, the abstract curved lines are all that is present. On the odd numbered cards, a single fully rendered sword is rendered inside the abstract designs. The suit of batons is drawn as straight objects that cross to form a lattice in the higher numbers; on odd numbered [[Wands (Tarot)|baton cards]], a single vertical baton runs through the middle of the lattice. On the tens of both swords and batons, two fully rendered objects appear imposed on the abstract designs. The straight lined batons and the curved swords continue the tradition of Mamluk playing cards, in which the swords represented scimitars and the batons polo mallets.

There is also a suit of twenty-two ''atouts'' (trump cards). [[The Fool]], which is unnumbered in the ''Tarot de Marseille'', is viewed as separate and additional to the other twenty-one numbered trumps because it usually cannot win a trick. [[Occultist]]s call these twenty-two cards ''les lames majeures de figures'' (the major figure cards) or the [[Major Arcana]].

The labelling of cards is a practice of French origin, Italians remembered their names by heart. The XIII card is generally left unlabelled in the various old and modern versions of the ''Tarot de Marseille'', but it is worth noting that in Noblet's deck (circa 1650), the card was named LAMORT ([[Death]]). In at least some printings of the French/English bilingual version of Grimaud's pack, the XIII card is named "La Mort" in French and named "Death" in English.

==Other patterns==
In the early eighteenth century the Marseilles Tarot was introduced in Northern Italy starting from the Kingdom of Sardinia, which also included the Savoy (now in France) and Piedmont, where the card manufacturing industry collapsed following a severe economic depression. The Piedmontese players did not have difficulties to accept the Marseilles Tarot, because the images were similar and even the French language captioning was widespread in many areas of Piedmont.

Around 1820 some manufacturers active in Turin, capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia, began to produce tarot decks in Marseille's pattern, but after few years they introduced captions in Italian and small variations in certain figures. For example, the Fool was not chased by a wild animal but had a butterfly in front of him. In a few decades, variation after variation, was consolidated the iconography of the Piedmontese Tarot, which therefore must be considered as a derivation of the Tarot of Marseilles.[14] It is currently the most widely used tarot deck in Italy.

Around 1835, Carlo Della Rocca of Milan engraved an elaborate interpretation of the Marseilles pattern. It became popular throughout Lombardy for the duration of the 19th century. It spread to Piedmont where a double-ended version was adapted to local tastes and was popular until the 1950s.

A few early French decks exhibit certain curiosities. The 1557 luxury tarot deck by Catelin Geoffrey of Lyon, the early 17th century ''Tarot de Paris'', and Jacques Viéville's Parisian deck (c.1650) share many things in common with each other and the Marseilles pattern but also have designs that seem to be derived from the Bologna-Florence tradition as seen in the Tarocco Bolognese and the Minchiate.

==Later history==
All cards were originally printed from woodcuts; the cards were later coloured either by hand or by the use of stencils. Tarot was recorded as being very popular card game throughout France during the 16th and early 17th century but later fell into obscurity with the exception of eastern France and Switzerland. Very few Marseilles pattern cards from the 17th century have survived, chiefly among them are Noblet's. In contrast, dozens of decks from the 18th century have made it to the present. From eastern France and Switzerland, the game spread north to Sweden and east to Russia starting from the middle of the 18th century, making it one of the most popular card games of that era until being overtaken by Whist in the 19th century.

One well-known artisan producing tarot cards in the Marseilles pattern was Nicolas Conver (circa 1760). It was the Conver deck, or a deck very similar to it, that came to the attention of [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] in the late 18th century. Court de Gébelin's writings, which contained much by way of speculation as to the supposed Egyptian origin of the cards and their symbols, called the attention of occultists to tarot decks. As such, Conver's deck became the model for most subsequent esoteric decks, starting with the deck designed by [[Etteilla]] forward. Cartomancy with the Tarot was definitely being practised throughout France by the end of the 18th century; Alexis-Vincent-Charles Berbiguier reported an encounter with two "sibyls" who divined with Tarot cards in the last decade of the century at Avignon.

From the mid-18th to early 19th centuries, Marseilles and Besançon tarots were replaced by the French-suited animal tarots throughout most of Europe. These were then superseded by genre art tarots like the Industrie und Glück. French players ignored animal tarots but during the 20th century, they switched over to the genre art ''Tarot Nouveau''. French truck drivers were still using the Marseilles pattern for French tarot as late as the 1970s.

In 1997 Alejandro Jodorowsky and Phillipe Camoin completed their reconstructed version of the Tarot of Marseille. Since then Jodorowky, in collaboration with Marianne Costa, published a Tarot book based around this reconstructed version of the Marseille deck.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto;text-align:center;"
!style="background:#d7d6ff;text-align:center;"; colspan="3"|[[Tarot]] Topics''
|-
|style="background:#d7d6ff";text-align:center|'''[[Major Arcana]]'''
|colspan="2"|[[The Fool]] • [[The Magician]] • [[The High Priestess]] • [[The Empress]] • [[The Emperor]] • [[The Hierophant]] • [[The Lovers]] • [[The Chariot]] • [[Strength]] • [[The Hermit]] • [[Wheel of Fortune]] • [[Justice]] • [[The Hanged Man]] • [[Death]] • [[Temperance]] • [[The Devil (Tarot) |The Devil]] • [[The Tower]] • [[The Star]] • [[The Moon]] • [[The Sun]] • [[Judgement]] • [[The World]]
|-
|rowspan="4" style="background:#d7d6ff";text-align:center|'''[[Minor Arcana]]'''
|[[Pentacles (Tarot)|Pentacles]]
|style=text-align:left|[[Ace of Pentacles|Ace]] • [[Two of Pentacles|Two]] • [[Three of Pentacles|Three]] • [[Four of Pentacles|Four]] • [[Five of Pentacles|Five]] • [[Six of Pentacles|Six]] • [[Seven of Pentacles|Seven]] • [[Eight of Pentacles|Eight]] • [[Nine of Pentacles|Nine]] • [[Ten of Pentacles|Ten]] • [[Page of Pentacles|Page]] • [[Knight of Pentacles|Knight]] • [[Queen of Pentacles|Queen]] • [[King of Pentacles|King]]
|-
|[[Wands (Tarot)|Wands]]
|style=text-align:left|[[Ace of Wands|Ace]] • [[Two of Wands|Two]] • [[Three of Wands|Three]] • [[Four of Wands|Four]] • [[Five of Wands|Five]] • [[Six of Wands|Six]] • [[Seven of Wands|Seven]] • [[Eight of Wands|Eight]] • [[Nine of Wands|Nine]] • [[Ten of Wands|Ten]] • [[Page of Wands|Page]] • [[Knight of Wands|Knight]] • [[Queen of Wands|Queen]] • [[King of Wands|King]]
|-
|[[Cups (Tarot)|Cups]]
|style=text-align:left|[[Ace of Cups|Ace]] • [[Two of Cups|Two]] • [[Three of Cups|Three]] • [[Four of Cups|Four]] • [[Five of Cups|Five]] • [[Six of Cups|Six]] • [[Seven of Cups|Seven]] • [[Eight of Cups|Eight]] • [[Nine of Cups|Nine]] • [[Ten of Cups|Ten]] • [[Page of Cups|Page]] • [[Knight of Cups|Knight]] • [[Queen of Cups|Queen]] • [[King of Cups|King]]
|-
|[[Swords (Tarot)|Swords]]
|style=text-align:left|[[Ace of Swords|Ace]] • [[Two of Swords|Two]] • [[Three of Swords|Three]] • [[Four of Swords|Four]] • [[Five of Swords|Five]] • [[Six of Swords|Six]] • [[Seven of Swords|Seven]] • [[Eight of Swords|Eight]] • [[Nine of Swords|Nine]] • [[Ten of Swords|Ten]] • [[Page of Swords|Page]] • [[Knight of Swords|Knight]] • [[Queen of Swords|Queen]] • [[King of Swords|King]]
|-
|style="background:#d7d6ff"|'''Decks'''
|colspan="2" style=text-align:left|[[Visconti-Sforza Tarot]] • [[Tarot of Marseilles]] • [[Rider-Waite Tarot]] • [[Thoth Tarot]] • [[Occult Tarot]] • [[Angel Tarot]] • [[Vlad Dracula Tarot]] • [[Hieronymus Bosch Tarot]]
|}

[[Category:Tarot Cards]]