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[[File:Archangel Michael1.jpg|350px|thumb|Archangel Michael defeating the dragon | [[File:Archangel Michael1.jpg|350px|thumb|Archangel Michael defeating the dragon as depicted in the [[Angel Tarot]]]] | ||
'''Archangel Michael''' (Hebrew: מִיכָאֵל, romanized: Mīḵāʾēl, lit. "Who is like God"; Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Mikhaḗl; Latin: Michahel; Arabic: ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل), also called '''Saint Michael the Archangel''' is an [[archangel]] in [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]] and the [[Baháʼí Faith]]. He is often depicted conquering a dragon and holding a lance or sword. | '''Archangel Michael''' (Hebrew: מִיכָאֵל, romanized: Mīḵāʾēl, lit. "Who is like God"; Greek: Μιχαήλ, romanized: Mikhaḗl; Latin: Michahel; Arabic: ميخائيل ، مِيكَالَ ، ميكائيل), also called '''Saint Michael the Archangel''' is an [[archangel]] in [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], [[Islam]] and the [[Baháʼí Faith]]. He is often depicted conquering a dragon and holding a lance or sword. | ||
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He is mentioned again in last chapters of the Book of Daniel, a Jewish apocalypse composed in the 2nd century BC although set in the 6th, in which a man clothed in linen (never identified, but probably Archangel Gabriel) tells Daniel that he and "Michael, your prince" are engaged in a battle with the "prince of Persia", after which, at the end-time, "Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise." | He is mentioned again in last chapters of the Book of Daniel, a Jewish apocalypse composed in the 2nd century BC although set in the 6th, in which a man clothed in linen (never identified, but probably Archangel Gabriel) tells Daniel that he and "Michael, your prince" are engaged in a battle with the "prince of Persia", after which, at the end-time, "Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will arise." | ||
Enoch was instrumental in establishing the pre-eminent place of Michael among the angels or archangels, and in later Jewish works he is said to be their chief, mediating the Torah (the law of God) and standing at the right hand of the throne of [[Yahweh|God]]. In the traditions of the Qumran community he defends or leads the people of God in the eschatological (i.e., end-time) battle, and in other writings he is responsible for the care of Israel (and he may be the "one like a son of man" mentioned in Daniel 7:13–14) and the commander of the | Enoch was instrumental in establishing the pre-eminent place of Michael among the angels or archangels, and in later Jewish works he is said to be their chief, mediating the Torah (the law of God) and standing at the right hand of the throne of [[Yahweh|God]]. In the traditions of the Qumran community he defends or leads the people of God in the eschatological (i.e., end-time) battle, and in other writings he is responsible for the care of Israel (and he may be the "one like a son of man" mentioned in Daniel 7:13–14) and the commander of the [[heaven]]ly armies; he is Israel's advocate contesting Satan's claim to the body of Moses; he intercedes between God and humanity and serves as High Priest in the heavenly sanctuary; and he accompanies the souls of the righteous dead to Paradise. | ||
==New Testament mentions== | ==New Testament mentions== | ||
The seven archangels mentioned in the [[Bible|New Testament]] (or four - the traditions differ but always include Michael) were associated with the branches of the menorah, the sacred seven-branched lampstand in the Temple as the seven spirits before the throne of God, and this is reflected in the Revelation of John 4:5 ("From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings and peals of thunder, and before the throne were burning seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God" - ESV). | The seven archangels mentioned in the [[Bible|New Testament]] (or four - the traditions differ but always include Michael) were associated with the branches of the menorah, the sacred seven-branched lampstand in the Temple as the seven spirits before the throne of God, and this is reflected in the Revelation of John 4:5 ("From the throne came flashes of lightning, and rumblings and peals of thunder, and before the throne were burning seven torches of fire, which are the seven spirits of God" - ESV). | ||
Michael is mentioned explicitly in [[Book of Revelation|Revelation 12:7-12]], where he does battle with [[Satan]] and casts him out of heaven so that he no longer has access to God as accuser (his formal role in the Old Testament). The fall of Satan at the coming of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] marks the separation of the New Testament from [[Judaism | Michael is mentioned explicitly in [[Book of Revelation|Revelation 12:7-12]], where he does battle with [[Satan]] and casts him out of heaven so that he no longer has access to God as accuser (his formal role in the Old Testament). The fall of Satan at the coming of [[Jesus Christ|Jesus]] marks the separation of the New Testament from [[Judaism]]. In Luke 22:31 Jesus tells Peter that Satan has asked God for permission to "sift" the disciples, the goal being to accuse them, but the accusation is opposed by Jesus, who thus takes on the role played by [[angel]]s, and especially by Michael, in Judaism. | ||
Michael is mentioned by name for the second time in the Epistle of Jude, a passionate plea for believers in Christ to do battle against [[heresy]]. In verses 9-10 the author denounces the heretics by contrasting them with the Archangel Michael, who, disputing with Satan over the body of Moses, "did not presume to pronounce the verdict of 'slander' but said, 'The Lord punish you!'" | Michael is mentioned by name for the second time in the Epistle of Jude, a passionate plea for believers in Christ to do battle against [[heresy]]. In verses 9-10 the author denounces the heretics by contrasting them with the Archangel Michael, who, disputing with Satan over the body of Moses, "did not presume to pronounce the verdict of 'slander' but said, 'The Lord punish you!'" | ||
==In the Quaran== | ==In the Quaran== | ||
Michael is called Mika'il in Muslim works generally, but in the one instance in which he is mentioned in the Quran he is called ''Mikal''. The single Quranic mention comes in the QS 2:98, when the Jews of Medina challenged Muhammed to tell them the name of the angel from whom he received his revelations; when he told them it was Gabriel, the Jews said that Gabriel was their enemy, and that revelations came from Michael. The ''hadith'' (sayings of and about the Prophet collected by his followers) quote Muhammed mentioning both Gabriel and Michael as two angels who showed him Paradise and [[Hell]], and in the early years of Islam the Muslims recited the names of both in the obligatory daily prayers (the ''salat''). The place of Michael, and some of the other [[archangels]], is not clearly identified in the major sources, and among ordinary Muslims knowledge of them is drawn from non-Islamic sources, notably Jewish. | Michael is called Mika'il in Muslim works generally, but in the one instance in which he is mentioned in the Quran he is called ''Mikal''. The single Quranic mention comes in the QS 2:98, when the Jews of Medina challenged Muhammed to tell them the name of the angel from whom he received his revelations; when he told them it was Gabriel, the Jews said that [[Archangel Gabriel]] was their enemy, and that revelations came from Michael. | ||
The ''hadith'' (sayings of and about the Prophet collected by his followers) quote Muhammed mentioning both Gabriel and Michael as two angels who showed him [[Heaven|Paradise]] and [[Hell]], and in the early years of [[Islam]], the Muslims recited the names of both in the obligatory daily prayers (the ''salat''). | |||
The place of Michael, and some of the other [[archangels]], is not clearly identified in the major sources, and among ordinary Muslims knowledge of them is drawn from non-Islamic sources, notably [[Judaism|Jewish]]. | |||
==Occult traditions== | ==Occult traditions== | ||
[[File:Michael.png|400px|thumb|Archangel Michael's summoning sigil, made according to Kabbalistic instructions]] | [[File:Michael.png|400px|thumb|Archangel Michael's summoning [[sigil]], made according to Kabbalistic instructions]] | ||
In [[occult]] traditions, Michael's letter is ''Hod''. The direction he rules is south, and his | In [[occult]] traditions, Michael's letter is ''Hod''. The direction he rules is south, and his element is [[Fire (element)|fire]]. In [[astrology]], he is linked to the planet [[Mars]] and the [[Sun]] as well as the signs of [[Aries]], [[Leo]], and [[Sagittarius]]. He is the governing archangel of Sunday. | ||
The angelology of Pseudo-Dionysius, which was widely read as of the 6th century, gave Michael a rank in the [[hierarchy of angels]]. Later, in the 13th century, others such as Bonaventure believed that he is the prince of the [[Seraphim]], the first of the nine [[angel|angelic]] orders. According to Thomas Aquinas, he is the prince of the last and lowest choir, the [[angels]]. Robert Ambelain and [[Robert Fludd]] place him over the choir of [[Virtues]], which seems to have become the consensus for most [[occultist]]s. | The angelology of Pseudo-Dionysius, which was widely read as of the 6th century, gave Michael a rank in the [[hierarchy of angels]]. Later, in the 13th century, others such as Bonaventure believed that he is the prince of the [[Seraphim]], the first of the nine [[angel|angelic]] orders. According to Thomas Aquinas, he is the prince of the last and lowest choir, the [[angels]]. Robert Ambelain and [[Robert Fludd]] place him over the choir of [[Virtues]], which seems to have become the consensus for most [[occultist]]s. | ||
Most occult schools believe that Archangel Michael is one of the [[Ascended Masters]]. | |||
Archangel Michael is featured as one of the major archangels in the [[Echols Sigil Oracle]]. | |||
===''Testament of Solomon''=== | ===''Testament of Solomon''=== | ||
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According to Norman legend, Michael is said to have appeared to St Aubert, Bishop of Avranches, in 708, giving instruction to build a church on the rocky islet now known as Mont Saint-Michel. In 960 the Duke of Normandy commissioned a Benedictine abbey on the mount, and it remains a major pilgrimage site. | According to Norman legend, Michael is said to have appeared to St Aubert, Bishop of Avranches, in 708, giving instruction to build a church on the rocky islet now known as Mont Saint-Michel. In 960 the Duke of Normandy commissioned a Benedictine abbey on the mount, and it remains a major pilgrimage site. | ||
A Portuguese Carmelite nun, Antónia d'Astónaco, reported an apparition and private revelation of the Archangel Michael who had told to this devoted Servant of God, in 1751, that he would like to be honored, and God glorified, by the praying of nine special invocations. These nine invocations correspond to invocations to the nine choirs of angels and origins the famous Chaplet of Saint Michael. This private revelation and prayers were approved by Pope Pius IX in 1851. | A Portuguese Carmelite nun, Antónia d'Astónaco, reported an apparition and private revelation of the Archangel Michael who had told to this devoted Servant of God, in 1751, that he would like to be honored, and [[Yahweh|God]] glorified, by the praying of nine special invocations. These nine invocations correspond to invocations to the nine choirs of angels and origins the famous Chaplet of Saint Michael. This private revelation and prayers were approved by Pope Pius IX in 1851. | ||
From 1961 to 1965, four young schoolgirls had reported several apparitions of Archangel Michael in the small village of Garabandal, Spain. At Garabandal, the apparitions of the Archangel Michael were mainly reported as announcing the arrivals of the Virgin Mary. The Catholic Church has neither approved nor condemned the Garabandal apparitions. | From 1961 to 1965, four young schoolgirls had reported several apparitions of Archangel Michael in the small village of Garabandal, Spain. At Garabandal, the apparitions of the Archangel Michael were mainly reported as announcing the arrivals of the Virgin Mary. The Catholic Church has neither approved nor condemned the Garabandal apparitions. | ||