Difference between revisions of "Ordo Templi Orientis"

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 In 1902, Reuss, along with Franz Hartmann and Henry Klein, purchased the right to perform the Rite of Memphis and Mizraim of Freemasonry from English Freemason John Yarker, the authority of which was confirmed in 1904 and again in 1905. Although these rites are considered to be irregular, they, along with the Swedenborg Rite formed the core of the newly established Order. Kellner, Reuss, Hartmann, and Klein acquired authority to operate the rites of the Martinist Order from French Occultist [[Papus|Gérard Encausse]] and a clandestine form of the Scottish Rite deriving from Joseph Cerneau.
-The [[sex magic]] of the higher O.T.O. degrees appears to be based on the writings of the American Occultist Paschal Beverly Randolph (1825–1875), which were adopted by the Hermetic Brotherhood of Luxor (or of Light), another group which Kellner had supposedly been in contact and whose teachings O.T.O. claimed to incorporate. Scholar Marco Pasi notes, however, that there is no evidence in support of this, and suggests that Reuss acquired sexual ideas and techniques from Yarker, who had in his possession certain unpublished writings by Randolph.
+The [[sex magic]] of the higher O.T.O. degrees appears to be based on the writings of the American [[Occultist]] Paschal Beverly Randolph (1825–1875), which were adopted by the Hermetic Brotherhood of [[Luxor]] (or of Light), another group which Kellner had supposedly been in contact and whose teachings O.T.O. claimed to incorporate. Scholar Marco Pasi notes, however, that there is no evidence in support of this, and suggests that Reuss acquired sexual ideas and techniques from Yarker, who had in his possession certain unpublished writings by Randolph.
 ==O.T.O. under Aleister Crowley==
 [[File:Aleister Crowley-Golden Dawn.jpg|350px|thumb|Aleister Crowley in ritual attire]]
-Reuss met [[Aleister Crowley]] and in 1910 admitted him to the first three degrees of O.T.O. Two years later, Crowley was placed in charge of Great Britain and Ireland, and was advanced to the X° (tenth degree). The appointment included the opening of the British section of O.T.O., which was called the Mysteria Mystica Maxima or the M∴M∴M∴. Crowley then went to Berlin to obtain instructional manuscripts and the title of Supreme and Holy King of Ireland, Iona and all the Britains within the Sanctuary of the Gnosis. Within the year, Crowley had written the Manifesto of the M∴M∴M∴ which described its basic ten-degree system with Kellner's three degree ''Academia Masonica'' forming the seventh, eighth and ninth degrees.
+Reuss met [[Aleister Crowley]] and in 1910 admitted him to the first three degrees of O.T.O. Two years later, Crowley was placed in charge of Great Britain and Ireland, and was advanced to the X° (tenth degree). The appointment included the opening of the British section of O.T.O., which was called the Mysteria Mystica Maxima or the M∴M∴M∴. Crowley then went to Berlin to obtain instructional manuscripts and the title of Supreme and Holy King of Ireland, Iona and all the Britains within the Sanctuary of the Gnosis. Within the year, Crowley had written the ''Manifesto of the M∴M∴M∴'' which described its basic ten-degree system with Kellner's three degree ''Academia Masonica'' forming the seventh, eighth and ninth degrees.
 In 1913, Crowley composed the Gnostic Mass while in Moscow, which he described as being the Order's "central ceremony of its public and private celebration." In 1914, soon after World War I broke out, he moved to the United States. It was around this time that Crowley decided to integrate [[Thelema]] into the O.T.O. system, and in 1915 prepared revised rituals for use in the M∴M∴M∴.