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==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:Witch of Endor.jpg|400px|thumb|The Witch of Endor summoning Samuel]] | |||
Attempts to communicate with the dead and other living human beings, aka spirits, have been documented back to early human history, such as the [[Bible|Biblical]] account of the [[Witch of Endor]]. | Attempts to communicate with the dead and other living human beings, aka spirits, have been documented back to early human history, such as the [[Bible|Biblical]] account of the [[Witch of Endor]]. | ||
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==Ascended Masters== | ==Ascended Masters== | ||
New Age literature often refers to benevolent non-human spirit-beings who are interested in humanity's spiritual development; these are variously referred to as [[angel]]s, [[Ascended Masters]], guardian angels, personal guides, teachers, and contacts. | [[New Age]] literature often refers to benevolent non-human spirit-beings who are interested in humanity's spiritual development; these are variously referred to as [[angel]]s, [[Ascended Masters]], guardian angels, personal guides, teachers, and contacts. | ||
The figure of [[Jesus Christ]] is often mentioned within esoteric literature as a mediating principle between divinity and humanity, as well as an exemplar of a spiritually advanced human being. | The figure of [[Jesus Christ]] is often mentioned within esoteric literature as a mediating principle between divinity and humanity, as well as an exemplar of a spiritually advanced human being. | ||
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===Shamanism=== | ===Shamanism=== | ||
[[File:Oxira 1.jpg|400px|thumb|Candomblé participant possessed by the ''orixá'' of Oxóssi]] | |||
In many cultures, [[shaman]]s enter a trance through the use of [[recreational drug|psychoactive substances]] called "entheogens." These are drugs such as [[peyote]], [[psilocybin]], uncured tobacco, cannabis, ayahuasca, or [[LSD]] used in a ritualized context. | In many cultures, [[shaman]]s enter a trance through the use of [[recreational drug|psychoactive substances]] called "entheogens." These are drugs such as [[peyote]], [[psilocybin]], uncured tobacco, cannabis, ayahuasca, or [[LSD]] used in a ritualized context. | ||
Practitioners of the [[African diaspora religion|Afro-Brazilian religion]] [[Candomblé]] channel various spirits during their rituals, deliberately becoming possessed by specific [[saint]]-like entities called ''orixá''. | |||
==Types== | ==Types== | ||
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For many New Agers, these channeled messages rival the scriptures of the main world religions as sources of spiritual authority, although often New Agers describe historical religious revelations as forms of "channeling" as well, thus attempting to legitimate and authenticate their own contemporary practices. | For many New Agers, these channeled messages rival the scriptures of the main world religions as sources of spiritual authority, although often New Agers describe historical religious revelations as forms of "channeling" as well, thus attempting to legitimate and authenticate their own contemporary practices. | ||
Although the concept of channeling from discarnate spirit entities has links to Spiritualism and psychical research, the New Age does not feature Spiritualism's emphasis on proving the existence of life after death, nor psychical research's focus of testing mediums for consistency. | Although the concept of channeling from discarnate spirit entities has links to [[Spiritualism]] and psychical research, the [[New Age]] does not feature Spiritualism's emphasis on proving the existence of life after death, nor psychical research's focus of testing mediums for consistency. | ||
==Academic examination== | ==Academic examination== |