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[[File:Asmodeus.jpg|thumb|Asmoday as depicted in ''[[The Infernal Dictionary]]'']]'''Asmoday''', also known as '''Asmodeus''' (/ˌæzməˈdiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσμοδαῖος, Asmodaios) or '''Ashmedai''' (/ˈæʃmɪˌdaɪ/; Hebrew: אַשְמְדּאָי, ʾAšmədʾāy), as well as '''Asmodevs''', '''Ashema Deva''' or '''Amias''' (see below for other variations), is a prince of [[demon]]s, or in Judeo-Islamic lore the king of the earthly spirits (shedim/jinn), mostly known from the deuterocanonical [[Book of Tobit]], in which he is the primary antagonist. | [[File:Asmodeus.jpg|thumb|Asmoday as depicted in ''[[The Infernal Dictionary]]'']]'''Asmoday''', also known as '''Asmodeus''' (/ˌæzməˈdiːəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἀσμοδαῖος, Asmodaios) or '''Ashmedai''' (/ˈæʃmɪˌdaɪ/; Hebrew: אַשְמְדּאָי, ʾAšmədʾāy), as well as '''Asmodevs''', '''Ashema Deva''' or '''Amias''' (see below for other variations), is a prince of [[demon]]s, or in Judeo-Islamic lore the king of the earthly spirits (shedim/jinn), mostly known from the deuterocanonical [[Book of Tobit]], in which he is the primary antagonist. | ||
In the | Asmoday is the 32nd [[Goetic demon]] and rules over the Revengers of Evil in the [[hierarchy of Hell]]. He is ruled over by the [[Kabbalistic angel]] [[Vasariah]] and is a servant demon to those born August 22 - 26. | ||
In the [[Black Mass]] ceremony used by notorious French poisoner [[La Voisin]], Asmoday was called a "Prince of Friendship" along with [[Astaroth]]. | |||
==Name== | ==Name== | ||
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==In the Book of Tobit== | ==In the Book of Tobit== | ||
The Asmodeus of the Book of Tobit is hostile to Sarah, Raguel's daughter, (Tobit 6:13); and slays seven successive husbands on their wedding nights, impeding the sexual consummation of the marriages. In the New Jerusalem Bible translation, he is described as "the worst of demons" (Tobit 3:8). When the young Tobias is about to marry her, Asmodeus proposes the same fate for him, but Tobias is enabled, through the counsels of his attendant [[Archangel Raphael]], to render him innocuous. By placing a fish's heart and gall on red-hot cinders, Tobias produces a smoky vapour that causes the demon to flee to Egypt, where Raphael binds him (Tobit 8:2–3). According to some translations, Asmodeus is strangled. | The Asmodeus of the [[Book of Tobit]] is hostile to Sarah, Raguel's daughter, (Tobit 6:13); and slays seven successive husbands on their wedding nights, impeding the sexual consummation of the marriages. In the New Jerusalem Bible translation, he is described as "the worst of demons" (Tobit 3:8). | ||
When the young Tobias is about to marry her, Asmodeus proposes the same fate for him, but Tobias is enabled, through the counsels of his attendant [[Archangel Raphael]], to render him innocuous. By placing a fish's heart and gall on red-hot cinders, Tobias produces a smoky vapour that causes the demon to flee to Egypt, where Raphael binds him (Tobit 8:2–3). According to some translations, Asmodeus is strangled. | |||
Perhaps Asmodeus punishes the suitors for their carnal desire, since Tobias prays to be free from such desire and is kept safe. Asmodeus is also described as an evil spirit in general: 'Ασμοδαίος τὸ πονηρὸν δαιμόνιον or τὸ δαιμόνιον πονηρόν, and πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον (Tobit 3:8; Tobit 3:17; Tobit 6:13; Tobit 8:3). | Perhaps Asmodeus punishes the suitors for their carnal desire, since Tobias prays to be free from such desire and is kept safe. Asmodeus is also described as an evil spirit in general: 'Ασμοδαίος τὸ πονηρὸν δαιμόνιον or τὸ δαιμόνιον πονηρόν, and πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον (Tobit 3:8; Tobit 3:17; Tobit 6:13; Tobit 8:3). | ||
==In the Talmud== | |||
The figure of Ashmedai in the Talmud is less malign in character than the Asmodeus of Tobit. In the former, he appears repeatedly in the light of a good-natured and humorous fellow. But besides that, there is one feature in which he parallels Asmodeus, in as much as his desires turn upon Bathsheba and later Solomon's wives. | The figure of Ashmedai in the Talmud is less malign in character than the Asmodeus of Tobit. In the former, he appears repeatedly in the light of a good-natured and humorous fellow. But besides that, there is one feature in which he parallels Asmodeus, in as much as his desires turn upon Bathsheba and later Solomon's wives. | ||
Another Talmudic legend has King Solomon tricking Asmodai into collaborating in the construction of the Temple of Jerusalem. | Another Talmudic legend has King Solomon tricking Asmodai into collaborating in the construction of the Temple of Jerusalem. | ||
Another legend depicts Asmodai throwing [[King Solomon]] over 400 leagues away from the capital by putting one wing on the ground and the other stretched skyward. He then changed places for some years with King Solomon. When King Solomon returned, Asmodai fled from his wrath. Similar legends can be found in | Another legend depicts Asmodai throwing [[King Solomon]] over 400 leagues away from the capital by putting one wing on the ground and the other stretched skyward. He then changed places for some years with King Solomon. When King Solomon returned, Asmodai fled from his wrath. Similar legends can be found in [[Islam]]ic folklore. There Asmodeus is called Sakhr (Arabic: صخر the Rock or the Stony One), because in Islamic lore, Solomon banished him into a rock, after he takes his kingdom back from him. There he counts as the king of the jinn. | ||
Another passage describes him as marrying [[Lilith]], who became his queen. | Another passage describes him as marrying [[Lilith]], who became his queen. | ||
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==In the ''Lesser Key of Solomon''== | ==In the ''Lesser Key of Solomon''== | ||
[[File:32-Asmoday seal.png|350px|thumb| | [[File:32-Asmoday seal.png|350px|thumb|[[Sigil]] of Asmoday from the ''[[Ars Goetia]]'']] | ||
Asmodai appears as the king "Asmoday" in the ''[[Ars Goetia]]'', where he is said to have a seal in gold and is listed as number thirty-two according to respective rank. | Asmodai appears as the king "Asmoday" in the ''[[Ars Goetia]]'', where he is said to have a seal in gold and is listed as number thirty-two according to respective rank. | ||
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Asmodeus was named as an [[angel]] of the Order of [[Thrones]] by Gregory the Great. Asmodeus was cited by the nuns of Loudun in the Loudun possessions of 1634. | Asmodeus was named as an [[angel]] of the Order of [[Thrones]] by Gregory the Great. Asmodeus was cited by the nuns of Loudun in the Loudun possessions of 1634. | ||
Asmodeus' reputation as the personification of lust continued into later writings, as he was known as the "Prince of Lechery" in the 16th-century romance Friar Rush. The French Benedictine Augustin Calmet equated his name with a fine dress. The 16th-century Dutch demonologist [[Johann Weyer]] described him as the banker at the baccarat table in | Asmodeus' reputation as the personification of lust continued into later writings, as he was known as the "Prince of Lechery" in the 16th-century romance Friar Rush. The French Benedictine Augustin Calmet equated his name with a fine dress. The 16th-century Dutch demonologist [[Johann Weyer]] described him as the banker at the baccarat table in [[Hell]], and overseer of earthly gambling houses. | ||
===In the Kabbalah=== | ===In the Kabbalah=== | ||
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===In Islamic culture=== | ===In Islamic culture=== | ||
The story of Asmodeus and Solomon has a reappearance in | The story of Asmodeus and [[King Solomon]] has a reappearance in [[Islam]]ic lore. Asmodeus is commonly named Sakhr (rock) probably a reference to his fate in common Islam-related belief, there, after Solomon defeated him, Asmodeus was imprisoned inside a box of rock, chained with iron, and thrown into the sea. In his work ''Annals of al-Tabari'', the famous Persian Quran exegete (224–310 AH; 839–923 AD) Tabari, referred to Asmodeus in Surah 38:34. Accordingly, the puppet is actually Asmodeus who took on the shape of Solomon for forty days, before Solomon defeated him. | ||
Sakhr (Asmodeus) is consulted by Buluqiya, a young Jewish prince, who tried to find the final [[prophet]], Muhammad, in ''The Nights''. During their conversation, he asked about hell, thereupon Asmodeus describes the different layers (ṭabaqāt) of [[hell]]. | Sakhr (Asmodeus) is consulted by Buluqiya, a young Jewish prince, who tried to find the final [[prophet]], Muhammad, in ''The Nights''. During their conversation, he asked about hell, thereupon Asmodeus describes the different layers (ṭabaqāt) of [[hell]]. | ||