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Difference between revisions of "Tetragrammaton"
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===Magical papyri=== | ===Magical papyri=== | ||
Among the Jews in the Second Temple Period, magical | Among the Jews in the Second Temple Period, magical [[amulet]]s became very popular. Representations of the Tetragrammaton name or combinations inspired by it in languages such as Greek and Coptic, giving some indication of its pronunciation, occur as names of powerful agents in Jewish magical papyri found in Egypt. ''Iαβε Iave'' and ''Iαβα Yaba'' occurs frequently, "apparently the Samaritan enunciation of the tetragrammaton YHWH (Yahweh)." | ||
The most commonly invoked god is Ιαω (''Iaō''), another vocalization of the tetragrammaton YHWH. There is a single instance of the heptagram ιαωουηε (''iaōouēe''). | The most commonly invoked god is Ιαω (''Iaō''), another vocalization of the tetragrammaton YHWH. There is a single instance of the heptagram ιαωουηε (''iaōouēe''). | ||
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[[Kabbalah|Kabbalistic]] tradition holds that the correct pronunciation is known to a select few people in each generation, it is not generally known what this pronunciation is. There are two main schools of Kabbalah arising in 13th century Spain: Theosophic Kabbalah represented by Rabbi Moshe De Leon and the [[Zohar]] and the Kabbalah of Names or Prophetic Kabbalah whose main representative is Rabbi Abraham Abulafia of Saragossa. | [[Kabbalah|Kabbalistic]] tradition holds that the correct pronunciation is known to a select few people in each generation, it is not generally known what this pronunciation is. There are two main schools of Kabbalah arising in 13th century Spain: Theosophic Kabbalah represented by Rabbi Moshe De Leon and the [[Zohar]] and the Kabbalah of Names or Prophetic Kabbalah whose main representative is Rabbi Abraham Abulafia of Saragossa. | ||
Rabbi Abulafia wrote many wisdom books and prophetic books where the name is used for meditation purposes from 1271 onwards. Abulafia put a lot of attention on Exodus 15 and the Songs of Moses. In this song it says "Yehovah is a Man of War, Yehovah is his name." For Abulafia the goal of prophecy was for a man to come to the level of prophecy and be called "Yehovah a man of war." Abulafia also used the tetragrammaton in a spiritual war against his spiritual enemies. For example, he prophesied in his book "The Sign," "Therefore, thus said YHWH, the God of Israel: Have no fear of the enemy." | Rabbi Abulafia wrote many wisdom books and prophetic books where the name is used for [[meditation]] purposes from 1271 onwards. Abulafia put a lot of attention on Exodus 15 and the Songs of Moses. In this song it says "Yehovah is a Man of War, Yehovah is his name." For Abulafia the goal of prophecy was for a man to come to the level of prophecy and be called "Yehovah a man of war." Abulafia also used the tetragrammaton in a spiritual war against his spiritual enemies. For example, he prophesied in his book "The Sign," "Therefore, thus said YHWH, the God of Israel: Have no fear of the enemy." | ||
The Tetragrammaton is used in many rituals of [[King Solomon|Solomonic]] [[ritual magic|magic]]. | The Tetragrammaton is used in many rituals of [[King Solomon|Solomonic]] [[ritual magic|magic]]. | ||
The letters YUD and HEI (יה) are effective at fighting against the power of the [[qlippoth]]. | |||
==Permutations of YHVH== | ==Permutations of YHVH== | ||
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The ''Tikunei Zohar'', likely the oldest text giving the permutations of YHVH, contains an order that is different from most other sources. It is a separate book from the original (and older) [[Zohar]], although the two books are considered related texts. | The ''Tikunei Zohar'', likely the oldest text giving the permutations of YHVH, contains an order that is different from most other sources. It is a separate book from the original (and older) [[Zohar]], although the two books are considered related texts. | ||
Although the [[Sefer HaBahir]] describes the permutations of YHVH, it does not explicitly list them. | |||
Modern [[Judaism|Jewish]] scholars use the order: YHVH, YHHV, YVHH, HVHY, HVYH, HHVY, VHYH, VHHY, VYHH, HYHV, HYVH, HHYV. This is the same order utilized by [[magician]]s in the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]]. [[Grimoire]]s listing the permutations are outlined below and deviations from the expected standard are in bold. | Modern [[Judaism|Jewish]] scholars use the order: YHVH, YHHV, YVHH, HVHY, HVYH, HHVY, VHYH, VHHY, VYHH, HYHV, HYVH, HHYV. This is the same order utilized by [[magician]]s in the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]]. [[Grimoire]]s listing the permutations are outlined below and deviations from the expected standard are in bold. | ||