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Difference between revisions of "María Lionza"
→Traditions and spiritism
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Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence. | Several spirits are also worshipped during the rituals alongside Catholic [[saint]]s. María Lionza is one of the main "three powers" (Spanish: ''Tres Potencias''), which also include Guaicaipuro, a legendary indigenous resistance leader of 16th century, and Negro Felipe, a black Afro-American soldier that allegedly participated in the Venezuelan War of Independence. | ||
The lower spirits, usually referred as brothers by the pilgrims, are arranged into 'courts', divided by identity: Indigenous, African, Viking, Liberator. The spirits include farmers, modern criminals and famous historical figures, like Venezuela 19th century liberator Simón Bolívar. Many followers cleanse themselves in the muddy rivers to receive the spirits | The lower spirits, usually referred as brothers by the pilgrims, are arranged into 'courts', divided by identity: Indigenous, African, Viking, Liberator. The spirits include farmers, modern criminals and famous historical figures, like Venezuela 19th century liberator Simón Bolívar. Many followers cleanse themselves in the muddy rivers to receive the spirits. | ||
Many members from other religions native to Latin America and Venezuela are present, primarily Santeros (a syncretism between African Yoruba beliefs and Catholicism, known for sacrificing animals to pay homage to Orishas) and Paleros (a syncretic Afro-Cuban religion centered on communicating with the dead). | [[Shaman]]s take the role of mediums between the pilgrims and the spirits, and usually demand their followers to enter into a trance state which often leads them to speak in tongues or harming themselves. The shamans and the Marialionceros employ blessings, cursing, drum playing, cigar smoking, [[recreational drug|tobacco chewing]], and local liquors during the yearly rituals. Various sources have reported sightings of [[shaman]]s, sometimes wearing horned helmets, claiming to have contacted the legendary Viking Eric the Red, the first Norse explorer to discover Greenland. | ||
Many members from other religions native to Latin America and Venezuela are present, primarily Santeros (a syncretism between [[African diaspora religion|African Yoruba beliefs]] and [[Christianity|Catholicism]], known for sacrificing animals to pay homage to Orishas) and Paleros (a syncretic Afro-Cuban religion centered on communicating with the dead). | |||
==''El Tarot de Maria Lionza''== | ==''El Tarot de Maria Lionza''== | ||