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[[File:Quimbanda | [[File:Quimbanda Ritual.jpg|400px|thumb|A Quimbanda ritual featuring a statue of [[Baphomet]]]] | ||
'''Quimbanda''' (Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is an [[African diaspora religion|Afro-Brazilian religion]] practiced primarily in the urban city centers of Brazil. The religion borrowed many aspects of other traditions, especially [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]]. | '''Quimbanda''' (Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is an [[African diaspora religion|Afro-Brazilian religion]] practiced primarily in the urban city centers of Brazil. The religion borrowed many aspects of other traditions, especially [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]]. | ||
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Practitioners are called ''Quimbandeiros''. | Practitioners are called ''Quimbandeiros''. | ||
==History== | |||
Before Quimbanda became its own separate religion, it was contained inside the religious tradition of Macumba. | |||
During the late 19th century and into the mid 20th century, Macumba was a pejorative term for all religions deemed by the white-dominant class as primitive, [[demon]]ic and superstitious [[black magic]]. However, as African culture continued to blend with the native Brazilian culture, Macumba morphed into two religions: Umbanda and Quimbanda. | |||
In the 1970s, Quimbanda rapidly grew into its own religion with unique traditions. | |||
==Beliefs== | ==Beliefs== | ||
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* Forests | * Forests | ||
== | ==Initiation== | ||
[[File:Quimbanda Initiation.jpg|400px|thumb|A Quimbanda initiation ceremony]] | |||
Quimbanda is an initiatory religion with grades that practitioners progress through as they gain experience and knowledge in the traditions and customs. | |||
===0° Degree - Probationer=== | |||
A Probationer is someone who has sought initiation into a Quimbanda group and has been accepted. The Probationer is presented with a study program, which involves an assessment of knowledge upon completion. A stay of only nine months is permitted in the Probationer Degree. At the end of the probationary period, after completing the study program and having passed the final assessment, the Probationer can undergo the baptism ceremony and become a Novice, Degree I°. | |||
===Degree I° - Novice (Baptized)=== | |||
After completing the probationary period and having undergone the baptism ceremony, the Novice begins a journey of [[ritual magic|magical]] exploration through the Kingdoms of Quimbanda through the crossings, where he will acquire familiarity with the ''exús'' of Quimbanda and will pay full devotion to the Chief Império Maioral and his tutelary ''exú''. This is a period of adaptation and adjustment to the magical-chthonic forces of Quimbanda. | |||
===Grade II - Kimbanda (Initiate)=== | |||
Having adapted to the magical power of Quimbanda, the Novice is accepted into the initiation ritual; it is from this moment that he will be linked to Quimbanda and his tutelary ''exú'' through a [[diabolical pact]]. From this moment on, the katabatic journey of the Kimbanda begins, who will seek, through the process of [[channeling|mediumistic]] and magical development, to get closer to and create permanent bonds with his tutelary ''exú''. | |||
===Grade III - Nganga (Priesthood)=== | |||
Having received all the ''àṣẹ'' required for the priesthood, and having demonstrated priestly aptitude, the Kimbanda becomes a ''Nganga'', a Priest of Quimbanda, and can offer magical services. | |||
===Degree IV° - Táta or Mameto (Master)=== | |||
Having demonstrated the necessary aptitude, honor and loyalty, the ''Nganga'' becomes a ''Táta Nganga'', a Master of Quimbanda. Having acquired spiritual authority and authorization through mastery, the ''Táta Nganga'' can initiate other adepts into Quimbanda. | |||
==Relationship with Umbanda== | ==Relationship with Umbanda== | ||