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The term occult sciences was used in 16th-century Europe to refer to [[astrology]], [[alchemy]], and [[natural magic]], which today are considered pseudosciences. The term occultism emerged in 19th-century France, where it came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to [[Éliphas Lévi]] and [[Papus]], and in 1875 was introduced into the English language by the esotericist [[Helena Blavatsky]]. | The term occult sciences was used in 16th-century Europe to refer to [[astrology]], [[alchemy]], and [[natural magic]], which today are considered pseudosciences. The term occultism emerged in 19th-century France, where it came to be associated with various French esoteric groups connected to [[Éliphas Lévi]] and [[Papus]], and in 1875 was introduced into the English language by the esotericist [[Helena Blavatsky]]. | ||
Throughout the 20th century, the term was used idiosyncratically by a range of different authors, but by the 21st century was commonly employed – including by academic scholars of esotericism – to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such esoteric traditions as Spiritualism, [[Theosophy]], Anthroposophy, the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]], and New Age. | Throughout the 20th century, the term was used idiosyncratically by a range of different authors, but by the 21st century was commonly employed – including by academic scholars of esotericism – to refer to a range of esoteric currents that developed in the mid-19th century and their descendants. Occultism is thus often used to categorise such esoteric traditions as [[Spiritualism]], [[Theosophy]], Anthroposophy, the [[Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn]], and New Age. | ||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== |