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The parentage of Anubis varied between myths, times and sources. In early mythology, he was portrayed as a son of [[Ra]]. In the Coffin Texts, which were written in the First Intermediate Period (c. 2181–2055 BC), Anubis is the son of either the cow goddess Hesat or the cat-headed Bastet. Another tradition depicted him as the son of Ra and [[Nephthys]]. Plutarch (c. 40–120 AD) reported a tradition that Anubis was the illegitimate son of Nephthys and Osiris, but that he was adopted by Osiris's wife [[Isis]]. | The parentage of Anubis varied between myths, times and sources. In early mythology, he was portrayed as a son of [[Ra]]. In the Coffin Texts, which were written in the First Intermediate Period (c. 2181–2055 BC), Anubis is the son of either the cow goddess Hesat or the cat-headed Bastet. Another tradition depicted him as the son of Ra and [[Nephthys]]. Plutarch (c. 40–120 AD) reported a tradition that Anubis was the illegitimate son of Nephthys and Osiris, but that he was adopted by Osiris's wife [[Isis]]. | ||
In the Ptolemaic period (350–30 BC), when Egypt became a Hellenistic kingdom ruled by Greek pharaohs, Anubis was merged with the Greek god [[Hermes Trismegistus|Hermes]], becoming Hermanubis. The two gods were considered similar because they both guided souls to the afterlife. The center of this cult was in Cynopolis, a place whose Greek name means "city of dogs." In Book XI of ''The Golden Ass'' by Apuleius, there is evidence that the worship of this god was continued in Rome through at least the 2nd century. Indeed, Hermanubis also appears in the [[alchemy|alchemical]] and [[hermetic|hermetical]] literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. | In the Ptolemaic period (350–30 BC), when Egypt became a Hellenistic kingdom ruled by Greek pharaohs, Anubis was merged with the Greek god [[Hermes Trismegistus|Hermes]], becoming Hermanubis. The two gods were considered similar because they both guided souls to the afterlife. The center of this [[cult]] was in Cynopolis, a place whose Greek name means "city of dogs." In Book XI of ''The Golden Ass'' by Apuleius, there is evidence that the worship of this god was continued in Rome through at least the 2nd century. Indeed, Hermanubis also appears in the [[alchemy|alchemical]] and [[hermetic|hermetical]] literature of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. | ||
Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egyptian animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive (Anubis was mockingly called "Barker" by the Greeks), Anubis was sometimes associated with [[Sirius]] in the heavens and Cerberus and Hades in the underworld. In his dialogues, Plato often has Socrates utter oaths "by the dog" (Greek: ''kai me ton kuna''), "by the dog of Egypt," and "by the dog, the god of the Egyptians," both for emphasis and to appeal to Anubis as an arbiter of truth in the underworld. | Although the Greeks and Romans typically scorned Egyptian animal-headed gods as bizarre and primitive (Anubis was mockingly called "Barker" by the Greeks), Anubis was sometimes associated with [[Sirius]] in the heavens and Cerberus and Hades in the underworld. In his dialogues, Plato often has Socrates utter oaths "by the dog" (Greek: ''kai me ton kuna''), "by the dog of Egypt," and "by the dog, the god of the Egyptians," both for emphasis and to appeal to Anubis as an arbiter of truth in the underworld. | ||