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'''Quimbanda''' (Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is an [[African diaspora religion|Afro-Brazilian religion]] practiced primarily in the urban city centers of Brazil. The religion borrowed many aspects of other traditions, especially [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]]. | '''Quimbanda''' (Portuguese pronunciation: [kĩˈbɐ̃dɐ]) is an [[African diaspora religion|Afro-Brazilian religion]] practiced primarily in the urban city centers of Brazil. The religion borrowed many aspects of other traditions, especially [[Umbanda]] and [[Candomblé]]. | ||
Quimbanda focuses on male spirits called ''exús'' as well as their female counterparts, ''pomba giras''. ''Pomba giras'' are often regarded as the spirits of deceased women who worked as prostitutes or in other positions traditionally considered immoral in [[Christianity|Catholic]] Brazilian society. Quimbanda's practices are often focused on worldly success regarding money and sex. | Quimbanda focuses on male spirits called ''exús'' as well as their female counterparts, ''pomba giras''. ''Pomba giras'' are often regarded as the spirits of deceased women who worked as prostitutes or in other positions traditionally considered immoral in [[Christianity|Catholic]] Brazilian society. | ||
Quimbanda's practices are often focused on worldly success regarding money and sex. The religion shares much of the philosophy of [[LaVeyan Satanism]], although it is more focused on the invocation of spirits. | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
Historically, the term "Quimbanda" has been used by practitioners of [[Umbanda]], a religion established in Brazil during the 1920s, to characterize the religious practices that they opposed. | Historically, the term "Quimbanda" has been used by practitioners of [[Umbanda]], a religion established in Brazil during the 1920s, to characterize the religious practices that they opposed. | ||
The term ''Quimbanda'' came from the Kimbundu word ''kimbanda'' meaning "healer" or "[[magician]]". | The term ''Quimbanda'' came from the Kimbundu word ''kimbanda'' meaning "healer" or "[[magician]]." In the 1800s, the word became synonymous with witch-doctors in Africa. | ||
Practitioners are called ''Quimbandeiros''. | Practitioners are called ''Quimbandeiros''. | ||
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According to Brazil’s 2000 census less than 1% of the population claimed to belong to Afro-Brazilian religions (including Quimbanda and Umbanda). Although very little of the Brazilian population claims to follow Quimbanda, many people from all social ranks use Quimbanda rituals occasionally. It is a common practice for businessmen to consult ''exús'' before major business dealings. | According to Brazil’s 2000 census less than 1% of the population claimed to belong to Afro-Brazilian religions (including Quimbanda and Umbanda). Although very little of the Brazilian population claims to follow Quimbanda, many people from all social ranks use Quimbanda rituals occasionally. It is a common practice for businessmen to consult ''exús'' before major business dealings. | ||
Quimbanda has been | Quimbanda has been criticized and opposed by various groups in Brazilian society. Animal rights groups have objected to its practice of animal sacrifice. Spiritists maintain that Quimbandistas are drawing low spirits into the material realm, while Pentecostalists and other [[Christianity|Christians]] have regarded Quimbanda as being in service of [[the Devil]]. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||