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[[File:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa.jpg|300px|thumb|Engraving of Henricus Cornelius Agrippa]] | [[File:Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa.jpg|300px|thumb|Engraving of Henricus Cornelius Agrippa]] | ||
'''Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim''' (14 September 1486 – 18 February 1535) was a German polymath, physician, legal scholar, soldier, theologian, and [[occult]] writer. Agrippa's ''[[Three Books of Occult Philosophy]]'' published in 1533 drew heavily upon [[Kabbalah]], [[Hermeticism]], and neo-Platonism. His book was widely influential among [[occultist]]s of the early modern period, and was condemned as heretical by the inquisitor of Cologne. | '''Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim''' (14 September 1486 – 18 February 1535) was a German polymath, physician, legal scholar, soldier, theologian, and [[occult]] writer. Agrippa's ''[[Three Books of Occult Philosophy]]'' published in 1533 drew heavily upon [[Kabbalah]], [[Hermes Trismegistus|Hermeticism]], and neo-Platonism. His book was widely influential among [[occultist]]s of the early modern period, and was condemned as heretical by the inquisitor of Cologne. | ||
No evidence exists that Agrippa was seriously accused, much less persecuted, for his interest in or practice of [[ritual magic]] and [[occult]] arts during his lifetime, although it was known he argued against the persecution of [[witch]]es. | No evidence exists that Agrippa was seriously accused, much less persecuted, for his interest in or practice of [[ritual magic]] and [[occult]] arts during his lifetime, although it was known he argued against the persecution of [[witch]]es. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
Agrippa was born in Nettesheim, near Cologne on 14 September 1486 to a family of middle nobility. Many members of his family had been in the service of the House of Habsburg. Agrippa studied at the University of Cologne from 1499 to 1502, (age 13–16) when he received the degree of ''magister artium''. The University of Cologne was one of the centers of Thomism, and the faculty of arts was split between the dominant Thomists and the Albertists. It is likely that Agrippa's interest in the [[occult]] came from this Albertist influence. Agrippa himself named Albert’s '' | Agrippa was born in Nettesheim, near Cologne on 14 September 1486 to a family of middle nobility. Many members of his family had been in the service of the House of Habsburg. Agrippa studied at the University of Cologne from 1499 to 1502, (age 13–16) when he received the degree of ''magister artium''. The University of Cologne was one of the centers of Thomism, and the faculty of arts was split between the dominant Thomists and the Albertists. It is likely that Agrippa's interest in the [[occult]] came from this Albertist influence. Agrippa himself named Albert’s ''Speculum'' as one of his first occult study texts. He later studied in Paris, where he apparently took part in a secret society involved in the occult. | ||
==Soldier== | ==Soldier== | ||
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==Lecturer and physician== | ==Lecturer and physician== | ||
In 1515 he lectured at the University of Pavia on the Pimander of Hermes Trismegistus, but these lectures were abruptly terminated owing to the victories of Francis I, King of France. | In 1515 he lectured at the University of Pavia on the Pimander of [[Hermes Trismegistus]], but these lectures were abruptly terminated owing to the victories of Francis I, King of France. | ||
In 1518 the efforts of one or other of his patrons secured for Agrippa the position of town advocate and orator, or syndic, at Metz. Here, as at Dôle, his opinions soon brought him into collision with the monks, and his defense of a woman accused of witchcraft involved him in a dispute with the inquisitor, Nicholas Savin. The consequence of this was that in 1520 he resigned his office and returned to Cologne, where he stayed about two years. | In 1518 the efforts of one or other of his patrons secured for Agrippa the position of town advocate and orator, or syndic, at Metz. Here, as at Dôle, his opinions soon brought him into collision with the monks, and his defense of a woman accused of witchcraft involved him in a dispute with the inquisitor, Nicholas Savin. The consequence of this was that in 1520 he resigned his office and returned to Cologne, where he stayed about two years. | ||
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Margaret's death in 1530 weakened his position, and the publication of some of his writings about the same time aroused anew the hatred of his enemies; but after suffering a short imprisonment for debt at Brussels he lived at Cologne and Bonn, under the protection of Hermann of Wied, archbishop of Cologne. By publishing his works he brought himself into antagonism with the [[Inquisition]], which sought to stop the printing of ''De occulta philosophia''. He then went to France, where he was arrested by order of Francis I for some disparaging words about the queen-mother; but he was soon released. | Margaret's death in 1530 weakened his position, and the publication of some of his writings about the same time aroused anew the hatred of his enemies; but after suffering a short imprisonment for debt at Brussels he lived at Cologne and Bonn, under the protection of Hermann of Wied, archbishop of Cologne. By publishing his works he brought himself into antagonism with the [[Inquisition]], which sought to stop the printing of ''De occulta philosophia''. He then went to France, where he was arrested by order of Francis I for some disparaging words about the queen-mother; but he was soon released. | ||
According to his student [[Johann Weyer]], in the 1563 book ''[[De praestigiis daemonum | According to his student [[Johann Weyer]], in the 1563 book ''[[De praestigiis daemonum]]'', Agrippa died in Grenoble on 18 February 1535. Augustin Calmet wrote that Agrippa had a dog that jumped into the Rhone as his master neared death causing many to believe it was a [[demon]]. | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||