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Samuel L. MacGregor Mathers was a British occultist. He is primarily known as one of the founders of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a ceremonial magic order of which offshoots still exist. He became so synonymous with the order that Golden Dawn scholar Israel Regardie observed in retrospect that "the Golden Dawn was MacGregor Mathers."
Mathers is credited with developing the ritual outlines in the mysterious Cipher Manuscripts into a workable format. This process led to the creation of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. His translations of old grimoires, while probably justly criticised with respect to quality, were responsible for making what had been obscure and inaccessible material widely available to the non-academic English speaking world.