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Difference between revisions of "Quimbanda"
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==History== | ==History== | ||
Before Quimbanda | Before Quimbanda came to exist as a unique religion, many of the rituals and techniques later practiced by followers existed in some form inside the religious tradition of known as ''Macumba''. During the late 19th century and into the mid 20th century, ''Macumba'' was a pejorative term for all religions deemed by the white-dominant class as primitive, [[demon]]ic and superstitious [[black magic]]. However, as African culture continued to blend with the native Brazilian culture, the religious practices which had been termed ''Macumba'' gradually morphed into a loosely-organized new religious movement called [[Umbanda]]. | ||
===Lourenço Braga=== | |||
By the 1940s, Umbanda had become more structured, with the formation of numerous churches and a national organization which provided guidance, but not leadership to the regional churches, which remained independent. Among those Umbandists who wished to bring increased organization and formality to the religion's practices was Lourenço Braga, an author and Umbandist who studied under Zélio de Moraes, a [[channeling|medium]] who is widely regarded as having founded Umbanda as a new religion in 1918. | |||
In the 1970s, Quimbanda rapidly grew into its own religion with unique traditions. | Braga began collecting as much information as he could about Umbanda rituals, traditions, and beliefs with the goal of writing a fiction novel to explain these practices and the importance of Umbanda to the greater population of Brazil. His debut novel, ''Os Mistérios da Magia'' (''The Mysteries of Magic''), published in 1940, was a romance novel which told the story of two rich, white Brazilian siblings who are tormented by evil magician practicing a form of African [[black magic]] called Quimbanda. The novel establishes Quimbanda as the evil opposite of everything good in Umbanda. | ||
The following year, at the First Congress of Umbanda Spiritism in Rio de Janeiro, Lourenço Braga presented a cosmology of [[ritual magic|magic]] divided into three parts: | |||
* [[Spiritualism]] - Neutral magic | |||
* [[Umbanda]] - Good magic | |||
* Quimbanda - Evil magic | |||
After receiving a positive reception from his fellow Umbandists, Braga expanded his text into a book published in 1942, ''Umbanda e Quimbanda''. This text was not fictional, but intended as a practical guide and textbook study of magic religious practices from the Umbandan point of view. In addition to popularizing and formalizing Umbandan rituals, the book had a side-effect of spreading the rituals and philosophies of Quimbanda as well. | |||
===Contemporary period=== | |||
In the 1970s, inspired by the rise in [[Satanism]] in America, Quimbanda rapidly grew into its own religion with unique traditions. The foundation of these practices were derived from Braga's books, but contemporary followers have also borrowed from the works of [[Anton LaVey]], [[Aleister Crowley]], and other modern [[occultist]]s. | |||
==Beliefs== | ==Beliefs== | ||