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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
[[File:Visconti-Example.jpg|350px|thumb|The Visconti Tarot]] | |||
The word ''Tarot'' and German Tarock derive from the Italian Tarocchi, the origin of which is uncertain but taroch was used as a synonym for foolishness in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The decks were known exclusively as Trionfi during the fifteenth century. The new name first appeared in Brescia around 1502 as Tarocho. During the 16th century, a new game played with a standard deck but sharing a very similar name (Trionfa) was quickly becoming popular. This coincided with the older game being renamed tarocchi. | The word ''Tarot'' and German Tarock derive from the Italian Tarocchi, the origin of which is uncertain but taroch was used as a synonym for foolishness in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The decks were known exclusively as Trionfi during the fifteenth century. The new name first appeared in Brescia around 1502 as Tarocho. During the 16th century, a new game played with a standard deck but sharing a very similar name (Trionfa) was quickly becoming popular. This coincided with the older game being renamed tarocchi. | ||
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==Usage in divination== | ==Usage in divination== | ||
[[File:Cards-Reading.jpg|300px|thumb|[[The Demon-Possessed Tarot]] being used in a [[Celtic Cross]] spread for a divination reading]] | [[File:Cards-Reading.jpg|300px|thumb|[[The Demon-Possessed Tarot]] being used in a [[Celtic Cross]] spread for a divination reading]] | ||
The earliest evidence of a tarot deck used for [[cartomancy]] comes from an anonymous manuscript from around 1750 which documents rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the Tarocco Bolognese. The popularization of esoteric tarot started with [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] and | The earliest evidence of a tarot deck used for [[cartomancy]] comes from an anonymous manuscript from around 1750 which documents rudimentary divinatory meanings for the cards of the Tarocco Bolognese. The popularization of esoteric tarot started with [[Antoine Court de Gébelin]] and Jean-Baptiste Alliette (also known as "[[Etteilla]]") in Paris during the 1780s, using the [[Tarot of Marseilles]]. French tarot players abandoned the Marseilles tarot in favor of the ''Tarot Nouveau'' around 1900, with the result that the Marseilles pattern is now used mostly by cartomancers. | ||
Etteilla was the first to issue a tarot deck specifically designed for [[occult]] purposes around 1789. In keeping with the unsubstantiated belief that such cards were derived from the [[Book of Thoth]], Etteilla's tarot contained themes related to [[Egyptian religion|ancient Egypt]]. | Etteilla was the first to issue a tarot deck specifically designed for [[occult]] purposes around 1789. In keeping with the unsubstantiated belief that such cards were derived from the [[Book of Thoth]], Etteilla's tarot contained themes related to [[Egyptian religion|ancient Egypt]]. | ||
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* The [[Minor Arcana]] (lesser secrets) consists of 56 cards, divided into four suits of 14 cards each. | * The [[Minor Arcana]] (lesser secrets) consists of 56 cards, divided into four suits of 14 cards each. | ||
The terms "Major Arcana" and "Minor Arcana" were first used by Jean-Baptiste Pitois (also known as Paul Christian) and are never used in relation to tarot card games. Some decks exist primarily as artwork, and such art decks sometimes contain only the 22 Major Arcana. | The terms "Major Arcana" and "Minor Arcana" were first used by [[Jean-Baptiste Pitois]] (also known as Paul Christian) and are never used in relation to tarot card games. Some decks exist primarily as artwork, and such art decks sometimes contain only the 22 Major Arcana. | ||
===Divination decks=== | ===Divination decks=== | ||