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[[File:Shaman.jpg|400px|thumb|The main shaman of Olkhon - Valentin Hagdaev]] | [[File:Shaman.jpg|400px|thumb|The main shaman of Olkhon - Valentin Hagdaev]] | ||
A '''shaman''' is a religious practitioner who interacts with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as trance. The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, [[divination]], or to aid human beings in some other way. | A '''shaman''' is a religious practitioner who interacts with the spirit world through altered states of consciousness, such as [[channeling|trance]]. The goal of this is usually to direct spirits or spiritual energies into the physical world for the purpose of healing, [[divination]], or to aid human beings in some other way. | ||
Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. | Beliefs and practices categorized as "shamanic" have attracted the interest of scholars from a variety of disciplines, including anthropologists, archaeologists, historians, religious studies scholars, philosophers and psychologists. | ||
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===Drugs=== | ===Drugs=== | ||
An entheogen ("generating the divine within") is a psychoactive substance used in a religious, shamanic, or spiritual context. Entheogens have been used in a ritualized context, in a number of different cultures, possibly for thousands of years. Examples of substances used by some cultures as entheogens include: [[peyote]], [[psilocybin]] and ''Amanita muscaria'' (fly agaric) mushrooms, uncured tobacco, cannabis, ayahuasca, and [[LSD]]. | An [[recreational drugs|entheogen]] ("generating the divine within") is a psychoactive substance used in a religious, shamanic, or spiritual context. Entheogens have been used in a ritualized context, in a number of different cultures, possibly for thousands of years. Examples of substances used by some cultures as entheogens include: [[peyote]], [[psilocybin]] and ''Amanita muscaria'' (fly agaric) mushrooms, uncured tobacco, cannabis, ayahuasca, and [[LSD]]. | ||
Entheogens also have a substantial history of commodification, especially in the realm of spiritual tourism. For instance, countries such as Brazil and Peru have faced an influx of tourists since the psychedelic era beginning in the late 1960s, initiating what has been termed "ayahuasca tourism." | Entheogens also have a substantial history of commodification, especially in the realm of spiritual tourism. For instance, countries such as Brazil and Peru have faced an influx of tourists since the psychedelic era beginning in the late 1960s, initiating what has been termed "ayahuasca tourism." | ||