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[[File:Court de Gébelin.jpg|400px|thumb|Antoine Court de Gébelin depicted as the two of wands in the [[Magicians, Martyrs, and Madmen Tarot]]]] | [[File:Court de Gébelin.jpg|400px|thumb|Antoine Court de Gébelin depicted as the two of wands in the [[Magicians, Martyrs, and Madmen Tarot]]]] | ||
'''Antoine Court''', who named himself '''Antoine Court de Gébelin''' (Nîmes, January 25, 1725 – Paris, May 10, 1784), was a Protestant pastor, born at Nîmes, who initiated the interpretation of the [[ | '''Antoine Court''', who named himself '''Antoine Court de Gébelin''' (Nîmes, January 25, 1725 – Paris, May 10, 1784), was a Protestant pastor, born at Nîmes, who initiated the interpretation of the [[tarot]] as an arcane repository of timeless esoteric wisdom in 1781. | ||
Court de Gébelin, who adopted the surname of his grandmother, was a literary man of recognized rank, and rendered excellent service, first as his father's literary assistant and assistant and afterward as a scholar at the capital. He is remembered in connection with the case of Jean Calas, by his work ''Les Toulousaines, ou lettres historiques et apologétiques en faveur de la religion réformée'' (Lausanne, 1763). | |||
Although he was not an [[occultist]], Court de Gébelin's legacy is completely overshadowed by his short discourse on the history of the [[tarot]] and its usage as a [[divination]] tool. | |||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
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==Career== | ==Career== | ||
He was a supporter of American Independence who contributed to the massive ''Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique'', of the new theories of economics, and of the "animal magnetism" of [[Mesmer]]. | He was a supporter of American Independence who contributed to the massive ''Affaires de l'Angleterre et de l'Amérique'', of the new theories of economics, and of the "animal magnetism" of [[Franz Mesmer]]. | ||
His great project had for its goal to set out to reconstruct the high primeval civilization. Reinterpreting Classical and Renaissance evocation of the Golden Age in mankind's early history, Court de Gébelin asserted that the primitive worldwide civilization had been advanced and enlightened. He is the intellectual grandfather of much of modern occultism. His centers of focus are the familiar ones of universal origins of languages in deep time and the hermeneutics of symbolism. While his views on hermeneutics and religious matters were largely conservative, his original ideas and research on the origin of language earn him a place among pioneers of linguistics. | His great project had for its goal to set out to reconstruct the high primeval civilization. Reinterpreting Classical and Renaissance evocation of the Golden Age in mankind's early history, Court de Gébelin asserted that the primitive worldwide civilization had been advanced and enlightened. He is the intellectual grandfather of much of modern occultism. His centers of focus are the familiar ones of universal origins of languages in deep time and the hermeneutics of symbolism. While his views on hermeneutics and religious matters were largely conservative, his original ideas and research on the origin of language earn him a place among pioneers of linguistics. | ||
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Court de Gébelin presented dictionaries of etymology, what he called a universal grammar, and discourses on the origins of language. His volumes were so popular he republished them separately, as ''Histoire naturelle de la parole, ou Précis de l'Origine du Langage & de la Grammaire Universelle'' ("Natural History of Speech, or a Treatise on the Origins of Language and of Universal Grammar"), in Paris, 1776. | Court de Gébelin presented dictionaries of etymology, what he called a universal grammar, and discourses on the origins of language. His volumes were so popular he republished them separately, as ''Histoire naturelle de la parole, ou Précis de l'Origine du Langage & de la Grammaire Universelle'' ("Natural History of Speech, or a Treatise on the Origins of Language and of Universal Grammar"), in Paris, 1776. | ||
With regard to mythology and symbology, he discussed the origins of allegory in antiquity and recreated a history of the calendar from civil, religious, and mythological perspectives. | With regard to mythology and symbology, he discussed the origins of allegory in antiquity and recreated a history of the [[Gregorian calendar|calendar]] from civil, religious, and mythological perspectives. | ||
==Tarot== | ==Tarot== | ||