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==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to the Solar System. | Sirius appears bright because of its intrinsic luminosity and its proximity to the Solar System. | ||
The Sirius system is one of [[Earth]]'s nearest neighbours at a distance of 8.611 light years. However, Sirius is gradually moving closer to the Solar System, so it is expected to increase in brightness slightly over the next 60,000 years. After that time, its distance will begin to increase, and it will become fainter, but it will continue to be the brightest star in the Earth's night sky for approximately the next 210,000 years. | |||
Sirius A is about twice as massive as the [[Sun]] and has an absolute visual magnitude of +1.42. It is 25 times as luminous as the Sun, but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old. It was originally composed of two bright bluish stars. The more massive of these, Sirius B, consumed its resources and became a red giant before shedding its outer layers and collapsing into its current state as a white dwarf around 120 million years ago. | Sirius A is about twice as massive as the [[Sun]] and has an absolute visual magnitude of +1.42. It is 25 times as luminous as the Sun, but has a significantly lower luminosity than other bright stars such as Canopus or Rigel. The system is between 200 and 300 million years old. It was originally composed of two bright bluish stars. The more massive of these, Sirius B, consumed its resources and became a red giant before shedding its outer layers and collapsing into its current state as a white dwarf around 120 million years ago. | ||
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Bright stars were important to the ancient Polynesians for navigation of the Pacific Ocean. They also served as latitude markers; the declination of Sirius matches the latitude of the archipelago of Fiji at 17°S and thus passes directly over the islands each sidereal day. Sirius served as the body of a "Great Bird" constellation called Manu, with Canopus as the southern wingtip and Procyon the northern wingtip, which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres. | Bright stars were important to the ancient Polynesians for navigation of the Pacific Ocean. They also served as latitude markers; the declination of Sirius matches the latitude of the archipelago of Fiji at 17°S and thus passes directly over the islands each sidereal day. Sirius served as the body of a "Great Bird" constellation called Manu, with Canopus as the southern wingtip and Procyon the northern wingtip, which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres. | ||
It marked the onset of winter for the Māori, whose name Takurua described both the star and the season. Its culmination at the [[winter solstice]] was marked by celebration in Hawaii, where it was known as Ka'ulua, "Queen of Heaven." | It marked the onset of winter for the Māori, whose name Takurua described both the star and the season. Its culmination at the [[winter solstice]] was marked by celebration in Hawaii, where it was known as Ka'ulua, "Queen of [[Heaven]]." | ||
==Islam== | ==Islam== | ||
In the [[Islam]]ic Quran, verse 49 of the 53rd chapter of the Quran references the star | In the [[Islam]]ic Quran, verse 49 of the 53rd chapter of the Quran references the star Sirius, where it is given the name ''ash-shira'' ("the leader"). The verse is: "That He is the Lord of Sirius (the Mighty Star)." In this context, the passage is especially notable for being part of the [[Satanic Verses]]. | ||
Ibn Kathir (d.1373) said in his commentary "that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship." | Ibn Kathir (d.1373) said in his commentary "that it is the bright star, named Mirzam Al-Jawza' (Sirius), which a group of Arabs used to worship." | ||
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Sirius can be observed in daylight with the naked eye under the right conditions. Ideally, the sky should be very clear, with the observer at a high altitude, the star passing overhead, and the Sun low on the horizon. These observing conditions are more easily met in the Southern Hemisphere, owing to the southerly declination of Sirius. | Sirius can be observed in daylight with the naked eye under the right conditions. Ideally, the sky should be very clear, with the observer at a high altitude, the star passing overhead, and the Sun low on the horizon. These observing conditions are more easily met in the Southern Hemisphere, owing to the southerly declination of Sirius. | ||
==External link== | |||
* [https://astro.unl.edu/classaction/animations/ancientastro/heliacalrisingsim.html Helical rising simulator] | |||
[[Category:Astrology]] | [[Category:Astrology]] | ||
[[Category:Egyptology]] | [[Category:Egyptology]] | ||