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'''[[Cleromancy]]''' is a form of sortition (casting of lots) in which an outcome is determined by means that normally would be considered random, such as the rolling of dice, but that are sometimes believed to reveal the will of a deity.
A significant development in '''[[clairvoyance]]''' research came in the 1930s, when J. B. Rhine, a parapsychologist at Duke University, introduced a standard methodology, with a standard statistical approach to analyzing data, as part of his research into extrasensory perception. A number of psychological departments attempted to repeat Rhine's experiments, with failure. W. S. Cox from Princeton University with 132 subjects produced 25,064 trials in a playing card ESP experiment. Cox concluded, "There is no evidence of extrasensory perception either in the 'average man' or of the group investigated or in any particular individual of that group. The discrepancy between these results and those obtained by Rhine is due either to uncontrollable factors in experimental procedure or to the difference in the subjects."


Many cultures around the world have used casting lots as a form of [[divination]] since ancient times, and there is no single established tradition for the practice. The [[Urim and Thummim]] were a form of [[oracle]] used to make decisions by the [[Judaism|Hebrew]] High Priest. In 98 AD, Tactus described the Germanic practice of casting lots through the use of wooden [[rune]]s with symbols carved upon them.


In China, the [[I Ching]] descended in part from the oracle bone divination system and grew over time into a rich literary wisdom tradition that was closely tied to the philosophy of yin and yang. I Ching practice is widespread throughout East Asia, and commonly involves the use of coins or sticks of yarrow.
<p><small>Photo Credit: David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University</small></p>
 
<p><small>Photographer: Unknown</small></p>
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Latest revision as of 05:52, 2 May 2025

Zener Cards Test.jpg

A significant development in clairvoyance research came in the 1930s, when J. B. Rhine, a parapsychologist at Duke University, introduced a standard methodology, with a standard statistical approach to analyzing data, as part of his research into extrasensory perception. A number of psychological departments attempted to repeat Rhine's experiments, with failure. W. S. Cox from Princeton University with 132 subjects produced 25,064 trials in a playing card ESP experiment. Cox concluded, "There is no evidence of extrasensory perception either in the 'average man' or of the group investigated or in any particular individual of that group. The discrepancy between these results and those obtained by Rhine is due either to uncontrollable factors in experimental procedure or to the difference in the subjects."


Photo Credit: David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University

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