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::''Not to be confused with [[Zazel]], the spirit of Saturn.'' | |||
[[File:Azazel.png|400px|thumb| Azazel as depicted in ''[[The Infernal Dictionary]]''.]] | [[File:Azazel.png|400px|thumb| Azazel as depicted in ''[[The Infernal Dictionary]]''.]] | ||
'''Azazel''' is a [[fallen angel]] associated with forbidden knowledge and the rite of the scapegoat in traditional [[Judaism|Jewish]] rituals. | '''Azazel''' is a [[fallen angel]] associated with forbidden knowledge and the rite of the scapegoat in traditional [[Judaism|Jewish]] rituals. | ||
According to The Expositor's Bible Commentary, "Azazel" is the Hebrew word meaning "scapegoat." This is the only place that the Hebrew word is found in the entire Old Testament. It says that the [[Book of Enoch]] is full of demonology and reference to [[fallen angel]]s. The EBC (Vol 2) suggests that this text uses late Aramaic forms for these names which indicates that The Book of Enoch most likely relies upon the Hebrew Leviticus text rather than the Leviticus text being reliant upon the Book of Enoch. | According to The Expositor's Bible Commentary, "Azazel" is the Hebrew word meaning "scapegoat." This is the only place that the Hebrew word is found in the entire Old Testament. It says that the [[Book of Enoch]] is full of demonology and reference to [[fallen angel]]s. The EBC (Vol 2) suggests that this text uses late Aramaic forms for these names which indicates that The Book of Enoch most likely relies upon the Hebrew Leviticus text rather than the Leviticus text being reliant upon the Book of Enoch. | ||
He is ruled over by [[Archangel Gabriel]]. | |||
==Biblical tradition== | ==Biblical tradition== | ||
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==Jewish rite of the scapegoat== | ==Jewish rite of the scapegoat== | ||
[[File:Azazel Scapegoat Window.jpg|500px|thumb|Aaron casting lots for the scapegoat as depicted on a stained glass window in Lincoln Cathedral.]] | |||
The Mishnah (Yoma 39a) follows the procedure outlined in the Biblical text: two goats were procured, similar in respect of appearance, height, cost, and time of selection. Having one of these on his right and the other on his left, the high priest, who was assisted in this rite by two subordinates, put both his hands into a wooden case, and took out two labels, one inscribed "for Yahweh" and the other "for Azazel." | The Mishnah (Yoma 39a) follows the procedure outlined in the Biblical text: two goats were procured, similar in respect of appearance, height, cost, and time of selection. Having one of these on his right and the other on his left, the high priest, who was assisted in this rite by two subordinates, put both his hands into a wooden case, and took out two labels, one inscribed "for Yahweh" and the other "for Azazel." | ||
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In [[Islam]], Azazel appears in relation to the story of Harut and Marut, a pair of angels mentioned in the Quran. Although not explained by the Quran itself, Muslim exegetes, such as Al-Kalbi and Al-Tha`labi, usually linked the reason of their abode to a narration related to the Watchers known from 3 Enoch. Just as in 3 Enoch, [[angel]]s complained about humans iniquity, whereupon God offered a test, that the angels might choose three among them to descend to earth, endowed with bodily desires, and prove that they would do better than humans under the same conditions. | In [[Islam]], Azazel appears in relation to the story of Harut and Marut, a pair of angels mentioned in the Quran. Although not explained by the Quran itself, Muslim exegetes, such as Al-Kalbi and Al-Tha`labi, usually linked the reason of their abode to a narration related to the Watchers known from 3 Enoch. Just as in 3 Enoch, [[angel]]s complained about humans iniquity, whereupon God offered a test, that the angels might choose three among them to descend to earth, endowed with bodily desires, and prove that they would do better than humans under the same conditions. | ||
Accordingly, they choose Aza, Azzaya and Azazel. However, Azazel repented his decision and God allowed him to turn back to heaven. The other two angels failed the test and their names were changed to Harut and Marut. They ended up on earth, introducing men to illicit [[ritual magic|magic]]. | Accordingly, they choose Aza, Azzaya and Azazel. However, Azazel repented his decision and God allowed him to turn back to [[heaven]]. The other two angels failed the test and their names were changed to Harut and Marut. They ended up on earth, introducing men to illicit [[ritual magic|magic]]. | ||
==Enochian literature== | ==Enochian literature== | ||
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==Abilities== | ==Abilities== | ||
[[File:Azazel Sigil.png|500px|thumb|Summoning sigil of Azazel]] | [[File:Azazel Sigil.png|500px|thumb|Summoning [[sigil]] of Azazel]] | ||
Azazel was responsible for teaching people to make weapons and cosmetics, for which he was cast out of heaven. The Book of Enoch 8:1–3a reads, "And Azazel taught men to make swords and knives and shields and breastplates; and made known to them the metals and the art of working them; and bracelets and ornaments; and the use of antimony and the beautifying of the eyelids; and all kinds of costly stones and all colouring tinctures. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray and became corrupt in all their ways." | Azazel was responsible for teaching people to make weapons and cosmetics, for which he was cast out of heaven. The Book of Enoch 8:1–3a reads, "And Azazel taught men to make swords and knives and shields and breastplates; and made known to them the metals and the art of working them; and bracelets and ornaments; and the use of antimony and the beautifying of the eyelids; and all kinds of costly stones and all colouring tinctures. And there arose much godlessness, and they committed fornication, and they were led astray and became corrupt in all their ways." | ||
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[[Category:Demons]] | [[Category:Demons]] | ||
[[Category:Deities]] | [[Category:Deities]] | ||
[[Category:Featured Articles]] | |||